Fundamental ecological processes, such as extrinsic mortality, determine population age structure. This influences disease spread when individuals of different ages differ in susceptibility or when maternal age determines offspring susceptibility. We show that Daphnia magna offspring born to young mothers are more susceptible than those born to older mothers, and consider this alongside previou...

background: this study uses data of the global burden of diseases (gbd) study 2010 to report death, disability-adjusted life year (dalys), years of life lived with disability (ylds) and years of life lost due to premature mortality (ylls), attributed to suboptimal breastfeeding by age and gender during 1990 to 2010 in iran. materials and methods:the gbd assessments were used, together with esti...

1 Abstract In this paper is presented the new modelling framework combining the repli-cator dynamics (which is the standard model of the frequency dependent selection) with the Leslie Matrix model of the age-structured population. Firstly the continuous version of the discrete Leslie Matrix model is derived. It is shown that Euler–Lotka equation is satisfied when new model reaches the steady st...

This paper studies the properties of a new class of demographic parameters for age-structured populations and analyzes the effect of natural selection on these parameters. Two new demographic variables are introduced: the entropy of a population and the reproductive potential. The entropy of a population measures the variability of the contribution of the different age classes to the stationary...

The optimal timing of regime switching in optimal growth models: a Sobolev space approach Erol Dogan and Cagri Saglam This paper analyses the optimal timing of switching between alternative and consecutive regimes in OGMs. A natural framework for such an analysis seems to be one of multi-stage optimal control problem, where the switching instants between regimes are endogenously determined. The...

To date, models of gene-drive mechanisms proposed for replacing wild-type mosquitoes with transgenic strains that cannot transmit diseases have assumed no age or mating structure. We developed a more detailed model to analyze the effects of age and mating-related factors on the number of engineered insects that must be introduced into a wild population to achieve successful gene-drive based on ...