we define minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {mcn}(g)$, commonality minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {cmcn}(g)$ and vertex minimal cn-dominating graph $mathbf {m_{v}cn}(g)$, characterizations are given for graph $g$ for which the newly defined graphs are connected. further serval new results are developed relating to these graphs.

Traditionally, political scientists define political institutions deductively. This approach may prevent from discovery of existing institutions beyond the definitions. Here, a principal component analysis was used for an inductive extraction of dimensions in Polity IV data on the political institutions of all nations in the world the last two centuries. Three dimensions of institutions were re...

The article is a review of the famous book by Robert Michels (1876-1936) published in 1911 but only recently translated into Russian, Political Parties. A Sociological Study Oligarchical Tendencies Modern Democracy (Moscow: Publishing House “Delo”, 2022. 448 p.). This its first translation from German Russian I. Ivakina under scientific editorship D. Karasev. Based on analysis main ideas relate...

This study demonstrates resistance to oligarchic forces with a case from Pati Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The movement started protest against the expansion of internationally financed Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Ltd in Kendeng Mountains. anti-cement-factory lived on and ‘defeated’ oligarchs electoral districts where happened 2017 local election. uses qualitative method. Data were collect...

This paper explores the repatterning of civil society, social technologies persuasion and information, role socio-political contexts in Narrabri (an Australian country town, Western New South Wales), its surrounding region between 2018 2020. In consequences Carbon Oligarchy are observed, as oligarchy promoted new gas fields expansions a coal mine region. expansion is justified by supposedly off...

The paper explains the emergence of political parties in Gambia before and after independence how they fared during presidential parliamentary elections till an insurgency nearly toppled regime. It also examines causes different types coups, relates it to Gambian situation, thereafter a detailed eyewitness account followed. role played by invading Senegalese forces quelling uprising restoring l...