Abstract Land–atmosphere interactions play a critical role in both the atmospheric water and energy cycles. Changes soil moisture vegetation alter partitioning of surface fluxes, influencing diurnal evolution planetary boundary layer (PBL). The mixing-diagram framework has proven useful understanding heat budget within convective (CBL). We demonstrate that observations from Department Energy At...

This paper describes recent work in the Raman lidar liquid water cloud measurement technique. The range-resolved spectral measurements at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center indicate that the Raman backscattering spectra measured in and below low clouds agree well with theoretical spectra for vapor and liquid water. The calibration coefficients of the l...

A new technique for ascertaining the thermodynamic cloud phase from high-spectral-resolution ground-based infrared measurements made by the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) is presented. This technique takes advantage of the differences in the index of refraction of ice and water between 11 and 19 mm. The differences in the refractive indices translate into differences in clou...