Background & Aims: Changing the hormonal output of endocrine glands, diabetes leads to the occurrence of secondary metabolic disorders. Neuropathy, on the other hand, is the most common neurological complication of diabetes which affects the neuroendocrine system, in addition to peripheral and autonomic nervous system, contributing to exacerbation of disease severity. In this line, the present ...

background inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ith) is one of the common causes of nasal obstruction. in some case with ith due to allergic rhinitis medical therapy can be useful and in cases with refractory ith surgical techniques may be helpful. although there is no excellence [or superiority] among these surgical methods, radiofrequency (rf) has recently become popular. objectives this study com...

The adrenal cortex plays a key role in the regulation of metabolism, salt and water homeostasis sex differentiation by synthesizing glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid androgen hormones. Evidence exists that angiotensin II regulates adrenocortical function it has been contended peptides non-canonical branch renin system (RAS) might also modulate steroidogenesis adrenals. Thus, aim this review is ...

Adrenal insufficiency is characterized by decreased production of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex, either due to a primary or secondary pituitary etiology. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs could be the first presenting only presentation are relatively less explored in patients with understood. Patients chronic psychiatric symptoms, namely depression anxiety should evaluated for associati...