Adriamycin (ADR)-resistant sublines of B16-BL6 mouse melanoma selected by exposure to increasing concentrations of ADR were characterized in vitro for growth properties and in vivo for tumorigenicity and pulmonary metastases. The progressively resistant sublines adapted to grow in the presence of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.25 microgram/ml ADR in monolayer culture were found to be 5-, 10-, 20-, and...

Resistance to Adriamycin (ADR) is frequently dependent upon en hanced efflux associated with the expression of the IV!DR1-encoded P membrane glycoprotein. Since enhanced expression of the MDR1 gene in ADR-resistant cells may be the result of spontaneous genetic mutation or amplification, it is presumed to be relatively stable and unalterable. Yet, reducing ADR efflux could increase sensitivity,...

dispute resolution procedures in contract construction: from iran’s legal and imamiyeh fiqh perspectives solmaz hadi [1] morteza haji pour [2] abstract in iranian civil law, in spite of the long tradition of using alternative dispute resolution (adr) methods, and existence of rules and regulation regarding conciliation and compromise, the use of adr methods were not welcomed by the conflicting ...

STUDY DESIGN  Systematic review.Clinical questions: What is the effectiveness of multilevel cervical artificial disc replacement (C-ADR) compared with multilevel fusion with respect to pain and functional outcomes, and are the two procedures comparable in terms of safety? What is the effectiveness of multilevel C-ADR compared with single-level C-ADR with respect to pain and functional outcomes,...

OBJECTIVE To identify, classify and quantify the frequency of negative clinical adverse drug reactions (ADR) resulting in hospital admission from the emergency department (ED). To determine ADR preventability, identify ADR-related admission factors, calculate related costs and recognise which drugs are the most often involved. METHOD Cross-sectional, prospective and observational study of pat...

BACKGROUND Adriamycin (ADR) is an anticancer drug known to cause severe cardiac toxicity by generating free radicals. We investigated the role of a redox-regulating molecule, thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), in ADR-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS The in vitro study showed that TRX1 was dose-dependently increased concomitant with the formation of hydroxyl radicals in ADR-treated neonatal rat ...

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are caused by interactions between drugs or their metabolites and specific proteins. Knowledge of these proteins is important for facilitating mechanistic research of ADRs and new drug discovery. Here, we identified 41 network modules from an ADR-protein network; analysed the function of each module; revealed the potential accompanying actions of the ADRs and the n...

miRNA-16 (miR16) plays an important role in modulating the drug resistance of SGC7901 cell lines to adriamycin (ADR). A variety of viral carriers have been designed for miRNA delivery. However, the safety concerns are currently perceived as hampering the clinical application of viral vector-based therapy. Herein a type of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was designed and synthesized using poly(eth...

adverse drug reaction (adr) is one of the most life threatening problems, and the economic burden of adr is considerable. the main objective of this study was to assess the attitude of the kerman health system staff, to evaluate their knowledge of the spontaneous reporting system and to identify the reasons for low reporting rate. in this descriptive study, a persian translated questioner was u...

Adriamycin (ADR) is a chemotherapeutic for the treatment of solid tumors. This quinone-containing anthracycline is well known to produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. A common complaint of patients undergoing long-term treatment with ADR is somnolence, often referred to as "chemobrain." While ADR itself does not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), we recently showed t...