Geometric spin frustration in low-dimensional materials, such as the two-dimensional kagome or triangular antiferromagnetic nets, can significantly enhance the change of the magnetic entropy and adiabatic temperature following a change in the applied magnetic field, that is, the magnetocaloric effect. In principle, an equivalent outcome should also be observable in certain high-symmetry zero-di...

At ICAP we presented the efforts and progress at MIT towards using ultracold atoms for the realization of various forms of quantum magnetism. These efforts include a study of fermions with strong repulsive interactions in which we obtained evidence for a phase transition to itinerant ferromagnetism, the characterization of cold atom systems by noise measurements, and a new adiabatic gradient de...

1. Matter and Techniques at Low Temperatures 1.1.Introduction 1.2.Historical Remarks on the Development of Low Temperature Physics and Techniques 1.3.Combining Dilution Refrigeration with Adiabatic Nuclear Demagnetization: The Way to Microkelvin Physics 1.4.Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena: Superconductivity and Superfluidity 1.4.1.Superconductivity 1.4.2.Superfluidity 2. Magnetic Fields and Magne...

The polyoxometalate clusters with formula [Gd(W(5) O(18) )(2) ](9-) and [Gd(P(5) W(30) O(110) )](12-) each carry a single magnetic ion of gadolinium, which is the most widespread element among magnetic refrigerant materials. In an adiabatic demagnetization, the lowest attainable temperature is limited by the presence of magnetic interactions that bring about magnetic order below a critical te...

We report a new design of an AC magnetic susceptometer compatible with the Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS) by Quantum Design, as well as with its adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator option. With the elaborate compact design, the susceptometer allows simple and quick sample mounting process. The high performance of the susceptometer down to 0.1 K is demonstrated using several su...