Insect-active Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins are expressed by several transgenic crop plants to control certain pests, but nontarget organisms such as ladybirds also can be exposed to these proteins in the field. We developed an improved ecotoxicity testing protocol and conducted feeding trials in a laboratory setting to test for possible adverse effects of different concentrations of mic...

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common in animals and plants, and frequently impair individual fertility. Theory predicts that natural selection will favour behaviours that reduce the chance of acquiring a STI. We investigated whether an STI, Coccipolipus hippodamiae has selected for increased rejection of mating by female Adalia bipunctata as a mechanism to avoid exposure. We first ...

During the field research conducted in 2018-2020, species composition of coccinellidae selected area was determined. We had a comparative analysis accounting for quantitative and taxonomic over years study. studied biology ecology each species, including trophic relationships species. The main food groups been identified depending on objects, biotope distribution, their ecological identified.Th...

this paper is an attempt to fill all of previous literature of coccinellidae records and species distribution in different provinces of iran. distribution was extracted for each species from literatures. there are 6 subfamilies, 16 tribes, 32 genus and 117 species in iran. the largest subfamily, tribe and genus in iran were scymninae, scymnini and scymnus, respectively. the most distribution wa...