a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: D21 D43 D44 D45 Keywords: Patent licensing Insider Asymmetric information Per unit royalty Ad valorem royalty We study an inside patent holder's optimal licensing policy when it has imperfect information about the value of the patent to its rival. The patent holder can choose any two-part licensing fee with either per unit or ad valorem royalties. We de...

In this paper, we revisit the evidence on effects of time spent border-crossing procedures for international trade using a theory-consistent structural gravity model. We exploit rich panel dataset including domestic flows and employ recent econometric estimator that exhibits favorable asymptotic properties inference. The results indicate significant negative effect required border is driven by ...

There is considerable controversy about the relative merits of the apportionment rule (which results in per-unit royalties) and the entire market value rule (which results in ad-valorem royalties) as ways to determine the scope of the royalty base in licensing negotiations and disputes. This paper analyzes the welfare implication of the two rules abstracting from implementation and practicabili...

This paper proposes a novel strategy for identifying the effects of import competition on economic outcomes that avoids standard concerns related to endogeneity trade policy and provides consistent measure exposure over time. Conditioning level tariffs, our approach exploits cross-industry differences in relative importance specific rather than ad valorem tariffs. As they are expressed per unit...

AIM To examine patterns of tax burdens produced by specific, ad valorem, and various types of combination taxations. METHOD One hundred unique hypothetical alcoholic beverages were mathematically simulated based on the amount of ethanol and perceived-qualities contained. Second, beverages were assigned values of various costs and tax rates, and third, patterns of tax burden were assessed per ...

For an outside innovator with a finite number of buyers the innovation, this paper compares two licensing schemes: (i) fixed fee, in which licensee pays fee to and (ii) ad valorem profit royalty, leaves fraction its innovator. We show these schemes are equivalent that for any licenses puts sale, give same revenue. obtain equivalence result general model minimal structure. It is then applied Cou...