Following initial infection, herpesviruses retreat into a permanent latent state with periodic reactivation resulting in an enhanced likelihood of transmission and clinical disease. The nucleoside analogue acyclovir reduces clinical symptoms of the three human alpha herpesviruses, HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV. Long-term administration of acyclovir (ACV) can reduce the frequency and severity of reactiv...

Background: Sodium valproate (VPA), an anticonvalsant drug, has been reported to stimulate viral replication.  A combination therapy with VPA and acyclovir (ACV) is used for the treatment of herpesvirus encephalitis, the commonest sporadic encephalitis of viral origin. Objective: To determine a possible interaction between VPA and ACV leading to a modification of antiviral activity of ACV. Meth...

Acyclovir (ACV) has been used for more than 15 years in the management of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) disease. The present survey was undertaken to assess the level of ACV resistance in the population. More than 2,000 HSV isolates from both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in northwest England were collected over a 2-year period and tested for sensi...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections in a child with congenital immunodeficiency syndrome were observed over a 10-year period. The child suffered from recurrent and severe HSV-1 mucocutaneous infections. He frequently suffered from acyclovir (ACV)-resistant (ACV(r)) HSV-1 infection in the later phase of his life, especially after the episode of ACV(r) HSV-1 infection. Virological anal...

The amino acid prodrug of acyclovir (ACV), valacyclovir (VACV), is an effective antiherpetic drug. Systemic availability of ACV in humans is 3 to 5 times higher after oral administration of VACV. Enhanced bioavailability of VACV has been attributed to its carrier-mediated intestinal absorption via hPEPT1 peptide transporter followed by rapid and complete conversion to ACV. An earlier report sug...

the aim of this study is to formulate a novel ophthalmic nanosuspension (ons), an alternative carrier system to traditional colloidal carriers for controlled release (cr) of acyclovir (acv). in the present study, ons is employed to avoid some of major disadvantages of colloidal carriers systems such as instability in cul de sac and short half life by increasing efficiency of drug encapsulation ...

A series of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 2 were taken from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Acyclovir (ACV) susceptibility assays revealed that some isolates were resistant to ACV and cross-resistant to ganciclovir but not to phosphonoacetic acid. The nature of the resistance was examined further. A number of cloned variants were generated, and thymidine kinase and...

Inhibitors of cell enzyme Inosine 5 ́-Monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase – Ribavirine (Rbv), Micophenolic acid (MPA) and Mizoribine (MZR) have potential application as antiherpes agents in combination with acyclovir (ACV). The effectivity of action of ACV on herpesvirus replication is improved after decreasing of the concentration of dGTP as a result of IMP dehydrogenase inhibition. The antiviral...

The guanine derivative antiviral drug acyclovir (ACV) is one of the oldest molecules put downing triumphant market until date, being commercially accessible in a variety dosage forms for oral, topical and parenteral administrations. Clinical purpose this better to new agents due its potential values such as suppression recurrence, security profile, negligible interactions inexpensive. ACV sligh...

The effects of 2,2'-O-cyclocytidine (CC) and acyclovir (ACV) on latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) in trigeminal ganglia were studied in an in vitro model using reactivation of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) as a model. It was shown that both CC (10 micrograms/ml) and ACV (2.5 micrograms/ml) significantly inhibited the reactivation of the latent HSV-1 in infected ganglia. The effect of CC (25 micrograms/ml)...