Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected adults. Research in noninfected populations suggests that knowledge of CVD risk factors significantly influences perception of risk. Understanding the level of risk factor knowledge and risk perception can inform the development of innovative interventions to reduce risk. The purpose...

Given the difficulty of converting population-based estimates of cancer risk into precise statements of individual risk, it is not surprising that (a) individual differences in risk perception are at best poorly correlated to the best available determination of "actual risk" and to behaviors to prevent and detect and treat cancer, and (b) success in bringing perceived risk into line with actual...

Perceived risk can influence health behaviors. Studies using various populations and breast cancer risk bias assessment methods have identified both risk over- and underestimation. Among 1803 women in primary care settings, 47 percent were at average epidemiologic risk (Gail calculated relative risk ±50 percent of age-adjusted population average) and 55 percent perceived themselves to be at ave...

See related article, pages 2431–2435. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) reduces risk of thromboembolism and is recommended for a wide range of indications, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and mechanical heart valves, although the most common reason for OAC use is still atrial fibrillation (AF).1 For over 60 years, the vitamin K antagonist class of drugs (eg, warfarin) has been the ...

In this paper we propose and construct Fuzzy Algebraic Additive Model, for the estimation of risk in various fields of human activities or nature’s behavior. Though the proposed model is useful in a wide range of scientific fields, it was designed for to torrential risk evaluation in the area of river Evros. Clearly the model’s performance improves when the number of parameters and the actual d...