Gregory of Nyssa lauded his older sister Macrina as "the common glory of our family" and acclaimed her as "the great Macrina" who had achieved the highest summit of human virtue. Indeed, in two works, the Life of Macrina and The Dialogue on the Soul and the Resurrection, he portrayed her as the ideal Christian teacher and philosopher, seeking God with her whole heart and mind.' In these two wor...

Temporary polygyny (the presence of multiple queens) occurs in honeybee colonies when virgin queens (VQs) are reared for reproductive swarming or queen replacement. During these events, workers perform vibration signals on queen cells and emerged queens, and these signals may influence which VQ becomes the new laying queen of a colony. We examined the role of vibration signals during queen comp...

the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of various refining processes’ conditions on conjugated dienes in soybean oil. conjugated dienes contents of soybean oil were found to undergo reduction in neutralization and bleaching steps while being increased in deodorization. it was observed that alkali refining (neutralization) through 12 and 14 °bé, bleaching with either acid ac...

Ostrich oil has been used extensively in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, rancidity causes undesirable chemical changes in flavour, colour, odour and nutritional value. Bleaching is an important process in refining ostrich oil. Bleaching refers to the removal of certain minor constituents (colour pigments, free fatty acid, peroxides, odour and non-fatty materials) from crude...

Tooth bleaching has become a popular cosmetic treatment among patients that want to enhance their esthetic appearance. In addition, light-activated bleaching gels have been growing among dental professionals mainly due to the fastening of the whitening procedure and/or therapeutic purposes. Thus, the objective of this case report was to present the bleaching protocol and efficacy of a light-act...

This study describes a preclinical investigation with laser-activated bleaching agent for discolored teeth. Bleaching techniques involve a broad-spectrum approach utilizing hydrogen peroxide (3-38%) with or without heat or laser, carbamide peroxide (10-30%), or a mixture of sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide. Extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected. In the bleaching experim...

The adsorption of basic dye (i.e., ethyl violet or basic violet 4) from aqueous solution onto the regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE) was carried out by varying the process parameters such as initial concentration, pH, and temperature. As analytical comparisons, activated bleaching earth (ABE) was also used as adsorbent for the adsorption of the basic dye at various initial concentrations....

Background: Tooth bleaching systems can be classified as chemically activated, light-activated and laser-activated depending on activation mechanism. There is no unanimity of opinion with respect to the whitening efficacy and effect on enamel surface texture of these three types of systems. So, the present study was carried out to comparatively evaluate their whitening efficacy and effect on en...