Viruses are both inducers and targets of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), a natural defense mechanism in plants. Here we report molecular evidence of the ability of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses to induce PTGS in infected plants irrespective of the severity of or recovery from the symptoms. Our results reveal that five distinct species of cassava-infecting geminiviruses were cap...

Cassava production in Ivory Coast is hampered by cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which caused several begomovirus species. To increase and conserve genetic resources, the Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) maintains a germplasm collection of 610 accessions various origins, kept open fields Bouaké Man. We carried out an epidemiological assessment molecular characterization viruses inf...

Considering the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of essential processes in plant pathogen interactions, it is not surprising that, while plant miRNA sequences counteract viral attack via antiviral RNA silencing, viruses in turn have developed antihost defense mechanisms blocking these RNA silencing pathways and establish a counter-defense. In the current study, computational a...

Smoke inhalation is a major cause of death in fire accident. Three quarters building casualties were the result excessive smoke inhalation, even with presence control system. One main reasons to high percentage fatality poor circulation and exhaustion smoke. A proposed system, including an integrated ACMV exhaust additional louver, will be simulated compared current conventional approach, fixed...

<p>Farmers all over the world spend millions of dollars to partially control plant diseases that attack their crops using agrochemicals pollute environment. Plant reduces crop yield, quality and shelf life. Enhancing inherent ability plants resist elicitors minerals is one neglected, sustainable, low cost environmental friendly approaches ensure continued supply food fiber.Therefore aim t...

Lecoustre, R., Fargette, D., Fauquet, C., and de Reffye, P. 1989. Analysis and mapping of the spatial spread of African cassava mosaic virus using geostatistics and the kriging technique. Phytopathology 79: 913-920. Theories of regionalized variables and kriging were used to assess the incidence along the wind-exposed southwest field borders, disease spatial pattern of African cassava mosaic vi...