Miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) belongs to the Sapotaceae family. It can change flavors on taste buds, transforming acidic tastes to sweet. We evaluated various miracle fruit extracts, including water, butanol, ethyl acetate (EA), and hexane fractions, to determine its antioxidant effects. These extracts isolated from miracle fruit exerted potential for reduction of uric acid and inhibite...

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of antioxidant capacity. The assay is based on the reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(V) by the sample analyte and the subsequent formation of a green phosphate/Mo(V) complex at acidic pH. The method has been optimized and characterized with respect to linearity interval, repetitivity and reproducibility, and molar absorpt...

Being the only sustainable source of organic carbon, biomass is playing an ever-increasingly important role in our energy landscape. The conversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels is particularly attractive but extremely challenging due to the inertness and complexity of lignocellulose. Here we describe the direct hydrodeoxygenation of raw woods into liquid alkanes with m...

In order to obtain detailed information on ground and excited states of curcumin and curcuminoids, as well as to understand the photobiological characteristics of them, their spectral and photophysical behaviors are investigated in various conditions. Various curcuminoids were obtained and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. In n-hexane, the absorption and fluorescence sp...

[Introduction] CH bonds are the most ubiquitous functional group in organic compounds. CH in a neutral molecule is generally regarded as aprotic because of its low acidity. Recently, we have demonstrated the CH bonds in the cationic ethers [1, 2] and amines [3] are highly acidic. In these cations, the acidities of CH bonds are enhanced through the hyperconjugation of the CH bond with the nonbon...

An analytical method has been firstly achieved for the quantification of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba leaves by reversed-phase argentation high performance liquid chromatography. Analytical sample was cleaned-up after addition of acidic salt solution and adsorbent to the matrix solution by counter-extraction of analytes with hexane. Ginkgolic acids were determined by HPLC with methanol an...

Environmental exposure to commercial hexane (n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, and 3-methylpentane) was tested in several work places in five shoe factories by taking three grap-air samples during the afternoon shift. Individual exposure ranges were 32-500 mg/m3 for n-hexane, 11-250 mg/m3 for 2-methylpentane, and 10-204 mg/m3 for 3-methylpentane. The metabolites of commercial hexane in the urine of 41...

The aim of this study was to investigate the preparation of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions using an emulsification–evaporation process. Nanoemulsions were formed by homogenizing 10 wt% of an organic phase composed by corn oil and hexane mixed at different ratios, and 90 wt% emulsifier solution containing 1.0 wt % of Tween 20 (T20) or β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg). Nanoemulsions were prepared using a...

background: bifenthrin and acorus calamus linn extract were evaluated against dengue vectors in the laboratory. methods: both bifenthrin and acorus calamus linn crude hexane extract were bioassayed against the adults and larval stages of dengue vectors aedes aegypti l. and aedes albopictus(skuse) in the laboratory. results: the a. calamus crude hexane extract exhibited a larvicidal activity aga...

The novel TUN-type aluminoborosilicate zeolite (denoted as [Al, B]-TUN), which consists of a three-dimensional pore system with 10-ring, has been hydrothermally synthesized for the first time and implied in cracking reaction. mother gel composition including aluminum, boron, organic structure-directing agent sodium were intensively studied optimized. We found that incorporation B together Al T-...