Contradictory evidence exists as to the acid necessary for producing optimum enamel etching on buccal tooth surfaces. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the etching abilities of four different acids; (2) identify the acid concentrations required for optimum etching; and (3) determine the concentration stability of phosphoric acid solutions. Crowns of caries-free molar teeth were pumiced...

This paper shows that the reflectance in silicon nanowires (SiNWs) can be optimized as a function of the area of silicon substrate where the nanostructure growth. SiNWs were fabricated over four different areas of silicon substrates to study the size effects using electroless etching technique. Three different etching solution concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and hydroflu...

Background and aims. The aim of this study was to compare shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets bonded to enamel using acid versus Er:YAG laser etching. Materials and methods. Eighty premolars were divided into 4 groups: AM (acid etching/ metal brackets), AC (acid etching/ ceramic brackets), LM (laser etching/ metal brackets) and LC (laser etching/ ceramic brackets). Enamel co...

From the standpoint of processing, hard chromium layer plate may be applied to steels, cast iron, aluminum and nickel base alloys. Cast iron can be plated provided that the surface is capable of conducting the required current and is reasonably free of voids, pits, gross silicate inclusions, and massive segregation. There are many difficulties arising from graphite phase and deposition of hydro...

objectives : this experimental study evaluated the effect of bonding application time on the microshear bond strength of composite resin to different types of glass ionomer cements (gics). materials and methods: one-hundred and sixty specimens (two conventional and two resin-modified gics) were prepared and divided into 16 groups. the surface of all specimens was prepared using two different bo...

OBJECTIVES Hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching increases the bond strength between composite resin and porcelain surfaces and has been advocated as a pre-cementation technique for ceramic restorations. The internal surface flaw distribution which is implicated in the premature failure of ceramic restorations is modified by the etching process and little agreement exists amongst researchers as to the...

This study evaluated the one-year clinical performance of a one-step, self-etch adhesive (Optibond All-in-One, Kerr, CA, USA) combined with a composite (Herculite XRV Ultra, Kerr Hawe, CA, USA) to restore NCCLs with or without prior acid etching. Restorations performed by the same practitioner were evaluated at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months using modified USPHS criteria. At 6 months, t...

AIMS These were to firstly evaluate the shear bond strength of a composite resin to primary dental enamel treated with a standard adhesive system but with varying phosphoric acid etching times along with a self-etching prime, secondly to analyse the etching patterns using SEM. METHODS Forty primary molars were used. In the first three groups, following acid etching, a layer of Prime & Bond NT...

OBJECTIVES This in vitro study determined the effect of enamel pretreatment with phosphoric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the bond strength of strong, intermediary strong, and mild self-etching adhesive systems. METHODS Ninety sound human premolars were used. Resin composite cylinders were bonded to flat ground enamel surfaces using three self-etching adhesive systems: st...

Recently, self-etching adhesive system has been introduced to simplify the clinical bonding procedures. It is less acidic compared to the phosphoric acid, thus there is doubt whether this system has enough bond strength to enamel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of additional etching on the adhesion of resin composite to enamel. Ninety extracted bovine permanent anter...