PURPOSE Academic failure tolerance (AFT) is one of the important psychological concepts in education, but its applications in medical education are rare. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of academic failure tolerance on academic achievement fluctuation among medical school students using a longitudinal research design. METHODS The subjects were 43 medical students...

The American Psychiatric Association estimates that 3 to 7 per cent of all school aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Even after correcting for general cognitive ability, numerous studies report a negative association between ADHD and educational achievement. With polygenic scores we examined whether genetic variants that have a positive influence o...

The study investigated the effects of mathematics anxiety on matriculation students as related to motivation and achievement. Subjects included 88 students who were at the end of their second semester of study. Anxiety and motivation were measured using the Fennema-Sherman Math Anxiety Scale (MAS) and Effectance Motivation Scale (EMS) respectively. The instrument used to measure achievement was...

This study examined the role of adolescents' and mothers' self-reports of English and heritage language proficiency in youth's academic and emotional adjustment among 444 Chinese American families. Adolescents who were proficient in English tended to exhibit higher reading achievement scores, math achievement scores, and overall GPA. Mothers who were English proficient tended to have children w...

We use data from a public school choice lottery to estimate the effect of attending a first-choice school. For the average student, attending a first-choice school is not associated with improvements in test scores or other academic outcomes. However, academic achievement is only one goal families may have when choosing a school and, depending on their preferences, parents may trade-off academi...

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive vulnerability to depression, have developmental origins. The present study examined the effects of parental rearing on dysfunctional attitudes in three areas of life with special attention to gender specificity. METHODS The subjects were 665 Japanese healthy volunteers. Dysfunctional attitudes were assessed by the 24-ite...

We examine the achievement gap between low-income minority students in inner city (high-poverty) schools and their white high-income counterparts who attend suburban (lowpoverty) schools. Our data include the 4 and 5 grade math and reading scores for over 15,000 students in a large urban school district. We use a multilevel model to show that school resources do matter. We find that high qualit...