the decentralized structure of the arsacid empire brought both positive and negative consequences to the country. despite all confusions, this particular political trend helped ancient and local traditions to grow and flourish. at this time pars although has been isolated but played an important role to guard and respect the basic ideologies of the past achaemenids. persis kings’ coins minted f...

The present paper deals with a description and classification of the Achaemenid short sword akinakes. akinakes was most probably influenced by Scythians or Sakas. Hence, provides brief discussion on other types as well. There were longer examples used Scythians, but archaeological also their depictions stone reliefs tend to depict swords. Stone in Persepolis, Apadana, Persian sites show two One...

one of the important features of achaemenid art is the repetition of almost similar motifs and their consistency during this lengthy era. consequently, a large number of researchers consider the presence of the constant and pre-conceived patterns as necessity for stonecarving, sculptors and metalworkers. apparently, this coordination arising from similar repeated patterns is visible in the acha...

One of the common monuments in the Sassanid era was the square dome. Interestingly, corners and parts of the square dome were always geometrically proportionate to each other. Square domes have been mainly studied in terms of their historical background as well as the materials used. The present research, however, aimed to examine the geometric proportions governing the formation of square dome...

undoubtedly achamenids, as the greatest empire of ancient periods that tried to preserve its internal security and defend its frontiers, needed the help of their appointed governors who were usually elected from among achaemenid families. besoos, who was one of achaemenids, was appointed as a governor on east (bacteria). besoos dismissed and killed darius iii and claimed himself as the emperor ...

The impacts of relative sea-level (RSL) variations and crust mobility on the development ancient harbours in northern Persian Gulf are poorly understood. Many unanswered questions remain with regard to main reasons for a shift location most important part coastal since 50 BC. Furthermore, some early Islamic harbours, such as Siraf, have city quarters that today below present sea level. aim this...