Developmental and trauma-induced mechanism(s) that modify inflammation and immune responses in blood cells were recently found to be regulated by acetylcholine. Here, we report corresponding blood cell-specific changes in acetylcholinesterase splice variants. Plasmon resonance and flow cytometry using acetylcholinesterase variant-specific antibody probes, revealed a progressive increase in myel...

In this article, we have followed up the relationship between the ability to reactivate acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphorus compounds and the length of linking chain between two 4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium rings of acetylcholinesterase reactivators. α,ω-bis(4hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium) alkanes have been used as the tested acetylcholinesterase reactivators. These oximes diffe...

Samples of ocular fluid obtained from normal persons at necropsy and during eye surgery have been assayed for the presence of acetylcholinesterase. Measurable levels could be detected in all samples examined, but levels of acetylcholinesterase in vitreous humour were consistently higher than those in aqueous humour, indicating a possible retinal origin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveal...

The biosynthesis of acetylcholinesterase in mammalian erythroid cells during differentiation and maturation was studied using a cytochemical method. Acetylcholinesterase was actively synthesized in basophilic erythroblasts I and II, and polychromatophilic erythroblasts, where it was present in the nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. In orthochromatophilic erythroblasts ...

We investigated interactions of bispyridinium para-aldoximes N,N'-(propano)bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl) pyridinium bromide (TMB-4), N,N'-(ethano)bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl)pyridinium methanosulphonate (DMB-4), and N,N'-(methano)bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl)pyridinium chloride (MMB-4) with human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase phosphorylated by tabun. We analysed aldoxime conformations to determine the ...

Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter called acetylcholine and is crucially involved in the regulation of neurotransmission. One of the observable facts in the neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease is the decrease in the level of acetylcholine. Available drugs that are used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are primarily acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with ...

Overproduction of interleukin-1 within the brain is associated with Alzheimer's disease and other neurological conditions. We report that peripheral administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors tacrine, rivastigmine, neostigmine, or EN101 (an antisense oligonucleotide directed at acetylcholinesterase messenger RNA) to mice significantly attenuated the production of interleukin-1beta in...

Three potential reactivators of nerve agents-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: 2-[(hydroxyimino)phenylmethyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide 3a, 2-[(hydroxyimino)pyridin-2ylmethyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide 3b and 2-[(1-hydroxyimino) ethyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide 3c were synthesized. Their reactivation potency was examined using a standard in vitro reactivation test. A rat brain homogenate was used...

The distribution of dopamine-containing processes in the striatum of fetal and neonatal cats was studied by immunohistochemical and glyoxylic acid histofluorescence methods and compared to the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) observed by thiocholine histochemistry in the same or serially adjoining sections. Both methods for demonstrating the dopam...

To understand the role of glycosylation in the circulation of cholinesterases, we compared the mean residence time of five tissue-derived and two recombinant cholinesterases (injected intravenously in mice) with their oligosaccharide profiles. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed differences in the total carbohydrate, galactose, and sialic acid contents. The molar ratio of sialic acid t...