OBJECTIVE To review the literature relating to the use of acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors in Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). METHOD MEDLINE (1966--December 2004), PsychINFO (1972--December 2004), EMBASE (1980--December 2004), CINHAL (1982--December 2004), and the Cochrane Collaboration were searched in December 2004. RESULTS Three controlled trials and seven open studies were identifie...

Dementia is a chronic progressive mental disorder, which adversely affects memory, thinking, comprehension, calculation and language. Some of the most common dementias are Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinsonism, Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Myasthenia gravis. All of these disorders are related to abnormalities in the central cholinergic system, which shows a decline in acetylcholine (ACh) level due...

In this study, the anti-cholinesterase activities of different extracts Achillea lycaonica, A. vermicularis and nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek species were examined then trace elements (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Pb) plants analysed by ICP-MS. The pharmacokinetic properties phenolic compounds these previously analyzed us ADME-Tox (absorption, distribution, m...

organophosphorous compounds have been employed as pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. toxicity of organophosphorous compounds is a result of excessive cholinergic stimulation through inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase. clinical manifestations include cholinergic syndromes, central nervous system and cardiovascular disorders. organophosphorous pesticide poisonings are common in develo...

background: the environmental degradation products of pesticides may enter drinking water and result in serious health problems. objective: to evaluate the occurrence of insecticides in drinking surface and ground water in dakahlyia governorate, northern egypt in 2011. methods: we studied blood samples collected from 36 consecutive patients diagnosed with pesticides poisoning and 36 tap drinkin...

abstract pollution is a world problem with serious consequences. heavy metals are an important group of these contaminants and enter aquatic ecosystems from anthropogenic and natural sources and animal health and systems are affected. in this study, the effect of lead exposure (3 mg/l concentration, 30 days) on activity of tissue enzymes, including acetyl cholinesterase, alanine aminotransferas...

The crude extract of mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata was prepared in this present work. The extract was testified for its anti-mosquito larvicidal property against two species of mosquito viz: Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. The 48 hours exposure of various dilutions of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ppm were given to the III to IV instar larval population. Percentage mortality data was ana...

Organophosphorous compounds have been employed as pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. Toxicity of organophosphorous compounds is a result of excessive cholinergic stimulation through inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase. Clinical manifestations include cholinergic syndromes, central nervous system and cardiovascular disorders. Organophosphorous pesticide poisonings are common in develo...

Background: Tert-butyl mercaptan is one of the frequently used odorants derived from natural gases. It has been declared as a health hazard by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the USA. There is not much information available about the mercaptans long-term toxicity secondary to occupational exposure. This study was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stress caused by m...

Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) has been shown to be a remarkably potent inhibitor of the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine (1). As a result of a wide survey (2), inhibition by dialkyl fluorophosphates appears to be specific for certain esterases and lipases (kidney acid phosphatase was found to be inhibited by relatively high concentrations). Since the cholinesterase of mammalian brain a...