The properties of enzymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis are reviewed and progress toward the purification of these enzymes is described. The enzyme whose activity usually limits ethylene biosynthesis is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase. Even though its level in plants is extremely low, it has now been purified from several sources. The enzyme that converts ACC to ethylene do...

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACCO) catalyses the final step in ethylene biosynthesis converting ACC to ethylene, cyanide, CO2, dehydroascorbate and water with inputs of Fe(II), ascorbate, bicarbonate (as activators) and oxygen. Cyanide activates ACCO. A 'nest' comprising several positively charged amino acid residues from the C-terminal α-helix 11 along with Lys158 and A...

Stress ethylene production in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Taylor's Horticultural) leaf tissue was stimulated by Cd(2+) at concentrations above 1 micromolar. Cd(2+)-induced ethylene biosynthesis was dependent upon synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) by ACC synthase. Activity of ACC synthase and ethylene production rate peaked at 8 h of treatment. The subsequent decline ...

Abstract The effect of temperature on the ability 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon, ETH) and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic (ACC) to induce ethylene production in fruitlets abscission leaves when applied at postbloom (~15 mm fruit diameter) was studied using 5-year-old ‘Sweet Lady’/Rootpac-20 peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees kept pots environment-controlled growth rooms. ETH 150 ...

We have previously shown a significant decrease in the ethylene production in tomato fruit from the RIN/rin genotype. In this present study, we evaluated the amount of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and the gene expression and enzymatic activities of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) to find which type of regulation influenced this low ethylene production. The results sugges...

We conducted a comparative analysis of biochemical parameters for the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in non-transgenic and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, plants cultivated heavy metal polluted soils. Transgenic had their genome bacterial acdS-gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC-deaminase) enzyme. The introduction elevated concentrations copper, chromium, lead ions into so...

Ethylene production and respiration by Granny Smith apples were inhibited by treatment with 20% CO(2) for 2 hours. A similar effect was observed in tissue slices when treated at either 0 or 25 degrees C.The inhibition continued even after an extended aeration period. There is also an inhibition of ethylene emission in tissue slices incubated with exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ...

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase is a key enzyme in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants. To investigate the catalytic significances of two conserved tyrosine residues, Tyr151 and Tyr152, of a tomato ACC synthase isozyme (LeACS2), five ACC synthase mutants (Y151F, Y151G, Y152F, Y152G, and Y151F/Y152F) were constructed and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. S...

Climacteric fruit ripening, as it occurs in many fruit crops, depends on a rapid, autocatalytic increase in ethylene production. This agriculturally important process has been studied extensively, with tomato simultaneously acting both as a model species and target crop for modification. In tomato, the ethylene biosynthetic genes ACC SYNTHASE2 (ACS2) and ACS4 are highly expressed during fruit r...