Social norms are cultural phenomena that naturally emerge in human societies and help prescribe and proscribe normative patterns of behavior. In recent times, the discipline of multiagent systems has been modeling social norms in artificial society of agents. This paper reviews norms in multiagent systems and then offers exploration of a series of norms in a simulated urban traffic setting. Usi...

adducibility to cultural norms is created, when criminalization system and cultural norms are in opposite. according to this approach, when an act is criminalized and it is advised according to some special cultural norms, adducing of defendant to cultural norms in different steps of criminal process, creates a concept which is called adducibility to cultural norms. this research by using quali...

Background Immunization should be considered a basic human right to health and well-being. It is everybody's business, and it is everybody's responsibility: the individual, the community, the health system and the state. This paper attempts to review some of the literature that highlights the ethical and religious concerns surrounding polio vaccination and what approaches may be used to counter...

the modern state is a renewable and evolutionary phenomenon and it cannot be evaluated so that it has single cause. therefore none of the fields of the human sciences alone cannot fully explain the emergence of the modern state without interaction with other disciplines. political superstructure in various countries, primarily influenced by the social and cultural systems of communities as the ...

Humans are much more cooperative than other vertebrates. In other species, cooperation is mainly limited to close relatives, there is little division of labor, no trade, and no large scale conflict, the sick and disabled must fend for themselves, and the strong take from the weak without fear of sanctions by third parties. In contrast, division of labor, trade, and large scale conflict are prom...

Cultural group identity and group norms are significantly related to social exclusion evaluations (Bennett, ). This study examined 241 Jewish-American mid (M = 14.18 years, SD = 0.42) to late (M = 17.21 years, SD = 0.43; MageTOTAL  = 15.54 years, SD = 1.57) adolescents' cultural identities and contextually salient perceived group norms in relation to their evaluations of Arab-American inclusion...

Policies may change the returns to transmitting cultural norms to the next generation, unintentionally changing cultural practices. I study cultural norms that determine which children support their parents in their old age in Indonesia and Ghana. Consistent with a model where these norms play the dual role of increasing old age support and ameliorating incomplete contracting problems between p...

This paper examines the main theoretical frameworks for analysis of comparative cultural attitudes. A critical discussion of the work by Kluckholm and Strodtbeck, Hofstede and Trompenaars leads to a new theoretical approach for study of the national cultural attitudes and norms of behaviour. A methodology based on action research is designed to compare the ‘internalised’ norms of behaviour with...

ion from or analytic reduction of the communication process. While the rules perspective tends to make a single analytic reduction of normative and cultural processes in formulating rules (or norms as discussed above), the ethnographic perspective makes two analytic reductions in the analysis of normative and cultural processes, norms and cultural codes, respectively.