In patients with foveal hypoplasia, anterior segment dysgenesis and an absence of systemic findings, consider a recently described syndrome of foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation defects and anterior segment dysgenesis (FHONDA) in the differential diagnosis.

Objective: Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIPC) as the transient ischemia and reperfusion of the arm is a promising method for protecting different tissue from future ischemia. These effects might be mediated through vascular and endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. We investigated the influence of RIPC on diabetic macular edema (DME) as a chronic ischemic condition in patients who were ...

Dear Editor: I read with interest the article by Campos et al. on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in congenital Zika virus infection or congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Six months after the onset of a Zika virus outbreak, there was an unusual 20-fold increase in microcephaly cases in newborns in Brazil. Ventura et al. were the first to report ocular involvement in CZS in the form of ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the spectrum of foveal architecture in pediatric albinism and to assess the utility of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ocular imaging of children with nystagmus. METHODS Spectral-domain OCT imaging was performed on study subjects in 3 groups: subjects with ocular albinism (OA) or suspected OA with foveal hypoplasia, with nystagmus, and with or with...

PURPOSE To determine whether foveal thickness, foveal volume, visual acuity, and foveal sensitivity after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) are influenced by the extent of occlusion (major versus macular branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)). MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY In this interventional case series, 22 eyes of 22 BRVO patients with macular oedema were treated by IVT...

When the eye is covered with a filter that transmits light below 480 nm and a blue field is observed on a computer screen that is modulated in brightness at about 1 Hz, the fovea is perceived as small irregular dark spot. It was proposed that the "foveal blue scotoma" results from the lack of S-cones in the foveal center. The foveal blue scotoma is highly variable among subjects. Possible facto...

Oculocutaneous albinism is a group of congenital disorders caused by alterations of melanin biosynthesis. We report our findings in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism who presented with foveal hypoplasia and a foveal hemorrhage. A 48-year-old man noted a dark spot in the middle of the visual field of his right eye. He had depigmented skin, white hair, white eyebrows, and white cilia. He als...

aim: to report a patient with fundus flavimaculatus or macular dystrophy with flecks, who came to medical attention due to deteriorated vision in one eye and combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. case presentation: a 26 year old lady was referred with history of progressive decreased vision in both eyes since childhood with recently deteriorated vision in her right ey...

PURPOSE To determine the incidence of rebound macular edema after intravitreal bevacizumab in eyes with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion and to identify the pretreatment factors that were significantly associated with the rebound. METHODS The changes in the foveal thickness after the intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) were studied in 65 eyes of 65 patients with...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between foveal findings and visual function in eyes with a resolved idiopathic macular hole after vitreous surgery. METHODS We divided 28 eyes with postoperative idiopathic macular hole resolution into 3 groups based on postoperative biomicroscopic foveal findings of complete closure, partial closure, or atrophic closure. To evaluate foveal retinal functi...