background & aim: alhagi genus has two important  medicinal plant species in iran, including alhagi pseudoalhagi, and a. graecorum (known “kharshotor” in persian). these plants are distributed in iran like weeds. generally, alhagi is used as an anti-hemorrhoid, laxative and diuretic. manna in both species produced by activity of a kind of insect on alhagi branches which has medicinal proper...

statement of the problem many diseases to be treated by dentists require drug therapy. lack of paying enough attention to principles of drug prescription can lead to problems such as unsuccessful treatment. on the other hand, the most important way to prevent such problems is paying enough attention to prescription of drugs materials and methods in this descriptive study, 260 prescriptions rand...

introduction the umbilical cord anomalies directly effect on the life quality of the fetus. it can lead to fetal death or many problems during pregnancy and delivery. early detection of these abnormalities is of particular importance. case presentation we report a case of thin cord syndrome (tcs) in a 30-year-old pregnant woman with suprapubic pain. after termination of pregnancy, histopatholog...

tooth fusion is a developmental anomaly characterized by the :union: between the dentin and/or enamel of at least two separately developing teeth. the fusion of posterior teeth is an uncommon occurrence. in this article, we report a rare case of unilateral fusion of a mandibular second molar with a paramolar. carious exposure mandated endodontic treatment. the unusual morphology and complex roo...

trauma to primary teeth can lead to devastating sequels in development of permanent successors. the disturbance may range from enamel hypoplasia and/or hypo-calcification to arrest of dental bud development. crown dilaceration of permanent teeth is one of the consequences of trauma to deciduous teeth mainly due to intrusion or avulsion. this report presents a mandibular central incisor with dil...

background: it has been well documented that left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh) is an independent factor for cardiac death in children. the epidemiologic information reveals that there is a very high prevalence of lvh in children with chronic renal failure (crf). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the existence of left ventricular hypertrophy, its severity and other cardiac abnormalities...

results loss of consciousness (gcs drop or amnesia) was markedly associated with abnormal brain ct scan (p < 0.05). interestingly, we found 7 patients with normal clinical examination but significant abnormal brain ct scan. conclusions according to the results of our study, we recommend that all patients with minor head trauma underwent brain ct scan in order not to miss any life-threatening he...

progressive osseous heteroplasia is a rare inherited disease that begins with skin ossification and proceeds into the deeper connective tissues. the disease should be distinguished from other genetic disorders of heterotopic ossification including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (fop) and albright hereditary osteodystrophy (aho). we report a case of progressive osseous heteroplasia in a t...

epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. studies have demonstrated that genetic factors have a strong role in etiology of epilepsy. mutations in genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitters and other proteins involved in the neuronal biology have been recognized in different types of this disease. moreover, some chromosomal aberration including ring chromosomes will result i...

the ribs are essential structures of the osseous thorax that provide certain significant information and aid interpretation of radiologic images in daily routine practice. intrathoracic rib is a rare congenital anomaly that is usually discovered incidentally, but may cause in vain interventions in case of being unaware. we herein report an intrathoracic rib in a girl whose chest x-ray was stran...