The syndrome of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) dependence, though well recognized, remains poorly studied. In this preliminary psychometric study, American and British investigators separately administered a structured diagnostic interview module, based on recently proposed criteria for AAS dependence, to 42 male AAS users in Middlesbrough, England. Another investigator, blinded to the diagn...

BACKGROUND As far as we are aware, no previous systematic review and synthesis of the qualitative/descriptive literature on polypharmacy in anabolic-androgenic steroid(s) (AAS) users has been published. METHOD We systematically reviewed and synthesized qualitative/descriptive literature gathered from searches in electronic databases and by inspecting reference lists of relevant literature to ...

pearl millet has tolerance to harsh growing conditions such as drought. it is at least equivalent to maize and generally superior to sorghum in protein content and metabolizable energy levels. thus it is of importance for poultry feeding. amino acid (aa) determination is expensive and time consuming. therefore nutritionists have prompted a search for alternatives to estimate aa levels. traditio...

BACKGROUND Inflammation and malnutrition are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and plasma concentrations of free amino acids (AAs) in these patients are often abnormal. Malnutrition contributes to alterations in AA concentrations. OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the effects of inflammation on plasma AA concentrations. DESIGN Concentrations of plasma AAs, serum albumin, a...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise and amino acid supplementation in enhancing muscle mass and strength in community-dwelling elderly sarcopenic women. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Urban community in Tokyo, Japan. PARTICIPANTS One hundred fifty-five women aged 75 and older were defined as sarcopenic and randomly assigned to one of four groups: exercise and...

BACKGROUND Several studies have shown higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence rates are in African-Americans (AAs) than Caucasians (CCs). If this finding is consistent across studies, it raises important etiologic questions regarding factors responsible for this discrepancy. It also affects the likely public health burden of AD in the US in the future, as the non-Caucasian population becomes ...

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are drugs of abuse. They are taken in large quantities by athletes and others to increase performance, with negative health consequences. As a result, in 1991 testosterone and related AAS were declared controlled substances. However, the relative abuse and dependence liability of AAS have not been fully characterized. In humans, it is difficult to separate the...

Aims Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are widely used illicitly to gain muscle and lose body fat. Here we review the accumulating human and animal evidence showing that AAS may cause a distinct dependence syndrome, often associated with adverse psychiatric and medical effects. Method We present an illustrative case of AAS dependence, followed by a summary of the human and animal literature on...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study investigates the anxiety people feel about aging and the psychometric properties of the Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS) in Greek samples. DESIGN AND METHODS The AAS was administered in 3 groups: 147 primary health care professionals, 74 Nursing and Social Work students, and 99 community residents. RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS A confirmatory factor analysis reprod...