introduction: permanent first molar is the most important unit in the chewing system. ear-ly loss of first molars can significantly reduce chewing efficiency, increase overbite, lead to premature eruption of the permanent second and third molars, and displacement of adjacent teeth. the purpose of this study was to determine the associated factors of permanent first molar caries in 7-9 years old...

Case Report The patient was referred to the school medical officer at the age of 6 years as 'somewhat microcephalic' (head circumference 19 in.) 'and in need of special educational treatment'. Some months before he had been seen by an orthopaedic surgeon because of bad posture; he also had 'weak ankles and knees'. No organic disease was found. The advice that he should do postural exercises was...

the purpose of this research was the effect of visual concurrent feedback on balance ability in 7-13 years old girls. hence, for this purpose, thirty-four girls student (ranging 7-12 years old) were participated in this study. the students were divided to three group randomly, control, closed eyes and mirror visual concurrent feedback groups, after stork balance test pre-test. then, groups unde...

background and aim: sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (sha) test is one of the most effective and best-tolerated methods to assess vestibular system function, especially horizontal semicircular canal in children. a prerequisite for using this test in children, is the availability of normative data. despite of the numerous studies related to the sha in adults, few researches have been documented ...