In this issue of Neuron, Chen et al. (2017) examine premotor activity representing motor planning, Allen et al. (2017) observe the global representation of goal-directed movement on the cortical network, and Makino et al. (2017) track changes in such dynamics throughout learning.

The new species is a member of an apparently monophyletic group within the genus that includes R. flexile, R. walga, R. himanturi, R. burgeri, R. euzeti, R. hawaiiensis, R. urobatidium, R. paratrygoni, R. ditesticulum, R. tetralobatum, R. margaritense, R. biorchidum, and R. spinicephalum. All of these species have bothridia with medial longitudinal septa, a constriction at mid-bothridium, and, ...

Dry matter intake (DMI) is related to dietary NDF content (Mertens, 1987) and in vitro NDF digestibility (NDFD, % of NDF; Oba and Allen, 1999). The NRC (2001) summative energy equation is based on fiber digestibility calculated using lignin. Whole-plant lignin content was found to have a strong negative relationship with in-vitro NDFD within comparisons of brown midrib (bm3) hybrids to isogenic...

Many topographic characteristics of the landscape (e.g. relief, slope, aspect, gradient, slope curvature, slope length and contour curvature) play important roles in the distribution of vegetation and biodiversity (e.g. Merriam, 1890, 1894; Whittaker & Niering, 1965, 1968; Vuilleumier, 1970; Brown, 1971, 1978; Hastings et al., 1972; Simpson, 1975; Hanawalt & Whittaker, 1976; Whittaker, 1977; Be...

estuaries; in male flounder (Pleuronectes yoko-hamae) in Tokyo Bay, Japan (Hashimoto et al. 2000); and in male common goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in coastal areas of Japan (Hara et al. 2001; Ohkubo et al. 2003) have shown that these species have been and still are being exposed to estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). In the United Kingdom, Franc...

Acidosomes were first identified in living Paramecium mul timicronucleatum on the basis of their intense accumulation of weak bases such as acridine orange and neutral red (Allen and Fok, 1983c). Ultrastructurally, mature acidosomes have a distinctive membrane appearance, following freeze-fracture studies (Allen and Fok, 1983b) as well as a distinctive internal appearance, following the QF-DE t...

opposite responses to elevated O3, and include increased photosynthesis and decreased stomatal conductance Tropospheric O3 can cause foliar injury, decreased growth, and (Jones et al., 1984; Jones et al., 1985; Rogers et al., 1983a; decreased yield, whereas CO2 enrichment generally causes opposite effects. Little is known about plant response to mixtures of O3 and CO2. Sionit et al., 1984), dev...

The phosphatase and actin regulator (PHACTR) proteins represent a family of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and actin regulatory proteins. PP1 is a multifunctional enzyme with diverse roles in the nervous system, including regulation of synaptic activity and dendritic morphology. In rat the Phactr1 gene was cloned for the first time as the prototypical member of this family (Allen et al., 2004). By...