In an National Football League overtime, a coin is tossed to determine which team will receive the kick off. In the sudden death format starting on offense has a significantly higher chance of winning. This makes coin tossing one of the most climatic moments and immediately confers an advantage to one team. Proposals to improve the ex post fairness by guaranteeing each team one possession reduc...

The verbal feedback given to junior soccer players potentially heading to a professional career is essential for technical and tactical skill development. The aim of this study is to examine whether differences exist in feedback between coaches of junior elite soccer teams and coaches of junior amateur soccer teams. The coaches of a junior elite soccer team and a junior amateur soccer team in N...

gymnastics as a basic sport needs learning basic skills and abilities such as strength, speed, flexibility and agility. team coaches and supervisors always try to evaluate and measure these skills using designed tests in different time periods. identifying the success of a gymnast based on these results needs tremendous experience. accordingly this paper attempted to localize the standard test ...

the present study aimed to examine the relationship between coaches' leadership styles and some personal characteristics with group cohesion and team success. out of 135 athletes who participated in female volleyball championships of azad universities, 116 athletes (86%) completed the demographic questionnaire, leadership scale for sport (lss) and group environment questionnaire (geq). the...

the aim of this study was to describe and assess general anthropometric measurements and somatotypes of elite male players of iran adult handball national team and to compare these measurements with those of european elite players in different positions. 19 elite handball players of iran national handball team including goalkeepers (n=4), wing (n=4), center backs (n=2), pivots (n=2) and backs (...

BACKGROUND Ankle injuries are the most common high school basketball injury. Little is known regarding the utilization of ankle injury prevention strategies in high school settings. OBJECTIVE To determine high school basketball coaches' utilization of ankle injury prevention strategies, including prophylactic ankle bracing (PAB) or an ankle injury prevention exercise program (AIEPP). STUDY ...

the aim of this study was to investigate the stability of various factors influencing iran football premier league teams (manager, coach, players) and their role in their team success. the method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population consisted of all team of iran football premier league from the 1st to the 11th round. for data collection, which included names and numbers of...

Applied sport psychologists tend to begin their consulting relationships with national teams having formalized skills, and often, limited contextual and sport- specific understanding. The present report overviews the first four years of a long-term consulting relationship one practitioner developed with the Canadian National Boxing Team. From the vantage of an applied sport psychology consultan...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence of coaches and team cohesion of athletes in the 5th olympiad of female students of payame noor universities in 2011. the method of this study was correlation, and application regarding the aim which was conducted as a field study. the population consisted of all coaches (n=86) and athletes (n=1068) p...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict type (task, relation), conflict management approach (cooperative, competitive) and team effectiveness of iranian super league volleyball clubs. the sample consisted of all players and coaches of 13 teams from 16th tournament of super league volleyball clubs in 2007 were selected. jhen conflict type questionnaire, tjo...