To reveal the structural principles determining substrate specificity of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), the crystal structure of the phenylalanine activation domain of gramicidin S synthetase was used as a template for homology modeling. According to our model, 12 amino acid residues lining the Arabidopsis 4CL isoform 2 (At4CL2) substrate binding pocket (SBP) function as a signature motif genera...

Abstract Background Carotenoids and flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in plants, which exert multiple bioactivities benefits to human health. Although the genes that encode carotenogenesis flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes well characterized, transcriptional regulatory mechanisms related pathway remain be investigated. In this study, ‘Cara cara’ navel orange (CNO) fruit at four develo...

Abstract Resveratrol is a typical plant phenolic compound whose derivatives are synthesized through hydroxylation, O -methylation, prenylation, and oligomerization. its exhibit anti-neurodegenerative, anti-rheumatoid, anti-inflammatory effects. Owing to the diverse biological activities of these compounds their importance in human health, this study attempted synthesize five resveratrol (isorha...

The phenylpropanoid enzyme 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is considered necessary to activate the hydroxycinnamic acids for the biosynthesis of the coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols subsequently polymerized into lignin. To clarify the role played by 4CL in the biosynthesis of the guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units characteristic of angiosperm lignin, we generated 4CL antisense Arabidopsis li...

Abstract Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) leaf, a “source of both medicine and food”, contains antioxidant ingredients such as flavonoids, alkaloids polyphenols. The effects 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) treatment on plant growth flavonoid contents in mulberry leaves were investigated this study. expression rutin (Rut), chlorogenic acid (ChA), isoquercitrin (IQ) astragaloside IV (Ast) related genes the s...

Eucalyptus species constitute the most widely planted hardwood trees in temperate and subtropical regions. Their wood is used as a raw material for the production of cellulose. Eucalyptus species have fast growth rates and the ability to adapt to a broad range of geographic locations. Most importantly, Eucalyptus has been listed as one of the candidate biomass energy crops [1]. Eucalyptus globu...

Acyl-CoA Synthetase (ACOS) genes are related to 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) but have distinct functions. The Arabidopsis thaliana ACOS5 protein is in clade A of Arabidopsis ACOS proteins, the clade most closely related to 4CL proteins. This clade contains putative nonperoxisomal ACOS enzymes conserved in several angiosperm lineages and in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Although its function i...

Several cDNA clones encoding 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) were isolated from a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cDNA library and grouped into two classes. Sequencing of one cDNA from each class showed that the clones were similar to other 4CL genes and about 80% identical with each other. Genomic Southern blots using DNA from Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, and N. tabacum dem...

Investigations on the cholic acid CoA ligase activity of rat liver microsomes were made possible by the development of a rapid, sensitive radiochemical assay based on the conversion of [3H]choloyl-CoA. More than 70% of the rat liver cholic acid CoA ligase activity was associated with the microsomal subcellular fraction. The dependencies of cholic acid CoA ligase activity on pH, ATP, CoA, Triton...