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An attempt to outline the basis for a macrosociological theory. The basic dimension is the ratio of guided over unguided processes. The central variables are those which characterize the guidance capacity and those guided. Mechanisms of societal guidance are explored in terms of downward controlling factors (knowledge, decision-making, and power) and upward consensus-forming processes as well a...
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal circulation contributes to morbidity after open-heart surgery by causing a systemic inflammatory reaction. Modified ultrafiltration is a technique able to remove the fluid overload and inflammatory mediators associated with use of cardiopulmonary bypass. It has been shown to reduce morbidity after cardiac operations in children, but the impact on adult cardiac procedur...
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB(4)) has a key role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibition of ex vivo LTB(4)-induced Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) expression in leucocytes of patients with RA by the new oral LTB(4) receptor antagonist BIIL 284. METHODS The pharmacokinetics and inhibition of LTB(4)-induced Mac-1 expression of BIIL 284 were characteris...
BIIL 284 is a new LTB(4) receptor antagonist. It is a prodrug and has negligible binding to the LTB(4) receptor. However, ubiquitous esterases metabolize BIIL 284 to the active metabolites BIIL 260 and BIIL 315, the glucuronidated form of BIIL 260. Both metabolites have high affinity to the LTB(4) receptor on isolated human neutrophil cell membranes with K(i) values of 1.7 and 1.9 nM, respectiv...
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