During the late nineteenth century, there was a rapid change in land use over a substantial area of Marlborough north of the Wairau River, including the Sounds, from mixed hardwood, podocarp and beech forests to pasture. Much of the hill country has been unable to sustain an economic level of pastoral farming and is currently in varying stages of reversion. A land use survey over an estimated 2...

The human alloreactive CTL clone 27S69, raised against B*2705, cross-reacts with B*2702 and B*2703, but not with B*2701, B*2704, B*2706, or B*2710. Its natural epitope was identified by electrospray/ion trap mass spectrometry, as the proteasome-derived RRFFPYYV octamer. This is the first HLA-B27 ligand shown to be immunogenic in alloreactivity. The RRFFPYYVY nonamer, also found in the B*2705-bo...

In a recent issue of PNAS, Grainger (1) claimed that the evidence for decline of global tropical forests is ‘‘unclear’’ and that it is difficult to demonstrate that it is happening ‘‘convincingly using available tropical forest area data.’’ We agree with most of the article, yet we feel these statements overstate the uncertainty about tropical deforestation. His assessment is based only on the ...

In 1991, Isomate C (Pacific Biocontrol Corp., Ridgefield, WA.) became the first commercial product registered by the United States EPA for control of codling moth. Currently, there are 5 products available including Isomate C+, CheckMate CM (Consep, Inc., Bend, OR), NoMate CM (Scentry, Inc., Billings, MT) and Disrupt CM (Hercon, Inc., Emigsville, PA). In Washington State in 1991, codling moth m...

overgrazing and inappropriate use of taleghan rangelands has led to poor and very poor condition for almost all vegetation types. taking the importance of rangelands in forage production and other benefits into consideration, management of these rangelands and improving their condition seems essential. the present research was conducted using data integration of vegetation, condition, slope, so...

In 2000, Mexico’s National Commission of Protected Areas (CONANP) was created to encourage the protection, management and restoration of natural and cultural resources and their conservation. Protected areas were recently increased by more than 3 million hectares, for a current total of more than 25 million hectares, corresponding to 174 protected areas that cover 12.90% of the country’s surfac...

Abstract Landslide susceptibility is a measure to express the high or low probability of an area experiencing landslide disaster which has impact on community very necessary for mapping Tirtomoyo Watershed including Tirtomoyo. From 2014 2022, experienced 147 landslides caused material losses and casualties. The aspect assessment in watershed basic reduce risk loss. This study aims map landslide...