It is of course well−known that it was always possible to communicate very important signals over long distances with comparatively primitive means, e.g. by sounding church bells, giving smoke or fire signals, or by waving flags. It is clear that all these methods are limited in their possible uses: they are all relatively crude broadcast methods, that cannot but give a small set of pre−defined...

Ultrasonic flow meters are gaining wide usage in commercial, industrial and medical applications. Major benefits of utilizing this type of flowmeter are higher accuracy, low maintenance (no moving parts), noninvasive flow measurement, and the ability to regularly diagnose health of the meter. This application note is intended as an introduction to ultrasonic time-of-flight (TOF) flow sensing us...

We examine the relations linking mass, X-ray temperature and bolometric luminosity for a sample of luminous, relatively relaxed clusters of galaxies observed with the Chan-dra Observatory, for which independent confirmation of the mass results is available from gravitational lensing studies. Within radii corresponding to a fixed overdensity ∆ = 2500 with respect to the critical density at the r...

Carbonate reservoirs are usually difficult to map and identify in seismic sections due their complex structure diagenetic material with high heterogeneity. The East Java Basin is a perfect example of these carbonate structures excellent hydrocarbon accumulation. In order obtain better characterization the reservoir this basin, acoustic impedance inversion performed here. Acoustic product P wave...