commonly used environmental flow evaluation techniques range in complexity. some requires stream flow records alone, and some accounts for the habitat requirements of individual species life-stages and physical characteristics of the stream. hydrological based methods for environmental flow assessment are the first step in planning for environmental allocation in developing countries. for deter...

The prediction of river, s discharge rate is one of the important issues in water resources engineering. This issue is very important for the planning, management, and policy making in water resources management, especially in the country like Iran, with limited water resources in line the economic and environmental development. Awareness of how the relationship between rainfall and run...

Hydrologic models simulate the river flow from the contributing basin for a given river. For the simulation process, the integration domain is discretized into computational cells. The inputs for such models are precipitation ratio and the initial flow. There are many parameters to be determined for an operational model, including the type of soil (porosity field, water flux between the bottom ...

The quality of the global hydrological simulations performed by land surface models (LSMs) strongly depends on processes that occur at unresolved spatial scales. Approaches such as TOPMODEL have been developed, which allow soil moisture redistribution within each grid-cell, based upon sub-grid scale topography. Moreover, the coupling between TOPMODEL and a LSM appears as a potential way to simu...

Global climate change has resulted in a gradual sea level rise. Sea level rise can cause saline water to migrate upstream in estuaries and rivers, thereby threatening freshwater habitat and drinking-water supplies. In the present study, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was established to simulate salinity distributions and transport time scales in the Wu River estuary of central Taiwan. T...