1. A maximum of 15 loci from five genera of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona or Apoda) were examined. Species include lchthyophis glutinosus, Geotrypetes seraphini, Caecilia occidentalis, Gymnopis multiplicata, and Dermophis mexicanus. 2. The data indicate that [chtkyophis (family Ichthyophiidae) is less closely related than are the other genera (members of the family Caeciliidae). Dermophis a...

Robust network design refers to a class of optimization problems that occur when designing networks to efficiently handle variable demands. The notion of “hierarchical hubbing” was introduced (in the narrow context of a specific robust network design question), by Olver and Shepherd [14]. Hierarchical hubbing allows for routings with a multiplicity of “hubs” which are connected to the terminals...

In a topological structure affected by geographical constraints on liking, the connectivity is weakened by constructing local stubs with small cycles, a something of randomness to bridge them is crucial for the robust network design. In this paper, we numerically investigate the effects of adding shortcuts on the robustness in geographical scale-free network models under a similar degree distri...

a Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, LJAD, UMR 7351, 06100 Nice, France b CCSE, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd. MS 50A-1148, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA c Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic d CNRS, UPR 288 Laboratoire EM2C, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France e Ecole Centrale ...

We study robust network design problems for hazardous materials transportation considering risk uncertainty. Risk uncertainty is considered in two ways: (1) uncertainty on each link for each shipment, and (2) uncertainty on each link across all shipments. We extend an existing heuristic framework to solve these two robust network design problems and propose a Lagrangian relaxation heuristic to ...

In west Africa, the alarming rate of land use intensification and the assumed deterioration of parkland species calls for assessments of locally valued non-timber forest product (NTFP) yielding populations. This study focused on the baobab tree, Adansonia digitata Linn., in Cinzana, Mali. Here by conducting biological inventories in different land use types and interviews we addressed the follo...

This paper presents a new sender based message logging (SBML) protocol to tolerate simultaneous failures by using the beneficial features of FIFO group communication links effectively. The protocol can lift the inherent weakness of the original SBML by replicating the log information of each message sent to a process group into the volatile storages of its members. Therefore, even if only one p...