Numerous procedures have been used to stain and clear nematode-infected plant tissues (7). Staining with acid fuchsin and destaining with lactophenol (4,7) has been the most widely used technique. More rap id means, of clearing and staining roots include autoclaving (1), exposure to saturated chloral hydrate (6), and root macera t ion after staining (3). However, extreme care is required for th...

Plants are able to interact with their environment by emitting volatile organic compounds. We investigated the volatile interactions that take place below ground between barley roots and two pathogenic fungi, Cochliobolus sativus and Fusarium culmorum. The volatile molecules emitted by each fungus, by non-infected barley roots and by barley roots infected with one of the fungi or the two of the...

Medicinal plants are infected by fungal diseases. A four years survey indicated that, there are various fungal infections in roots and shoots of several medicinal plants that grown in Isfahan. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rosemarry (Rosmarinus officinalis) and viper’s bugloss (Borago officinalis) plants were infected by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani on roots, showing wilting and eventu...

sugar beet roots and attached soil are usually transferred to sugar factories for processing ,then the roots are washed by pressurized water. muddy water as waste flows in canal and is used to irrigate fields. the possibility of occurrence and fluctuations of the pathogenic organisms in waste were studied in 2005. the samples were collected from waste water once a week. isolation of pathogens w...

AIM To radiographically compare periapical repair of roots with infected root canals obturated in one-step or with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) intracanal medication in two steps. METHODOLOGY Standardized preoperative periapical radiographs were taken of 72 roots of vital dogs' teeth. All roots were then aseptically instrumented to ISO size 45. As negative controls, 12 roots were aseptically o...

medicinal plants are infected by fungal diseases. a four years survey indicated that, there are various fungal infections in roots and shoots of several medicinal plants that grown in isfahan. lavender (lavandula angustifolia), rosemarry (rosmarinus officinalis) and viper’s bugloss (borago officinalis) plants were infected by fusarium oxysporum and f. solani on roots, showing wilting and eventu...

This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of storage periods on the conservation of Pachyrhizus ahipa roots at different temperatures and packaging materials. The roots were harvested, washed, packed in PVC, plastic bags, without wrappings (control) and stored in polystyrene trays in refrigerators, or cold chambers, or at room temperature. Total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TS...

Using a split-root technique, roots of soybean plants were divided between two pots. In one of the two pots, two maize plants were grown and half of those pots were inoculated with the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus fasciculatus. Fifty-two days after planting, (15)N-labeled ammonium sulfate was applied to the pots which contained only soybean roots. Forty-eight hours afte...

reactions of 20 cucumber cultivars, tested to fusarium stem and root rot disease, have ranged from susceptible to tolerant. the most susceptible cultivars were 8-ayat, 32-pv, cb- 61688222, janette, nasco, negeen, nicoo 100, psr36-47112, rubah-l, rubah-s and sultan and tolerant cultivars were 120118, ayat, jakie, fd-c101, festival, khassib, psr 36-45007, sr36-45664 and storm. between these culti...