Pigeons learned a matching-to-sample task with a split training-set design in which half of the stimulus displays were untrained and tested following acquisition. Transfer to the untrained displays along with no novel-stimulus transfer indicated that these pigeons learned the task (partially) via if-then rules. Comparisons to other performance measures indicated that they also partially learned...

Remediation of a serious lack in reading fluency often takes the form of repeated reading exercises. The present study examines whether transfer of training effects to untrained (neighbour) words can be enhanced by training with an orthographic focus as compared with emphasising semantics. The effect of oral versus silent reading during training is studied as well. Two groups of reading-disable...

Three experiments revealed that music lessons promote sensitivity to emotions conveyed by speech prosody. After hearing semantically neutral utterances spoken with emotional (i.e., happy, sad, fearful, or angry) prosody, or tone sequences that mimicked the utterances' prosody, participants identified the emotion conveyed. In Experiment 1 (n=20), musically trained adults performed better than un...

This study aimed to develop Greek style yoghurts with the addition of bovine colostrum. Four yoghurt formulations were produced different colostrum content (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The fat, protein, total solids, ash, retinol levels quantified as well colour was measured. A sensory analysis conducted 103 untrained panelists, evaluating attributes appearance, aroma, consistency, flavour, overall ...

visual acuity (measured at 20 feet; 6.1 meters), with an average of 31% improvement in binocular acuity (pre-training mean of 20/13 ± 0.69 SE vs post-training mean of 20/10 ± 0.59; Figure 1A). These changes were significantly (F = 31.13, p < 0.0001) greater than those of the players in the Untrained group (20/16 ± 1.4 vs 20/16 ± 1.2). The pre-training differences were not significant between Tr...

Body mass index (BMI) is widely used as an index of obesity in adults. In trained population, individual with low body fat could be classified as overweight by BMI. To evaluate this problem, the purposes of this study were to determine the BMI and body fat percentage (BF%) of trained and untrained subjects and to evaluate the accuracy of BMI classification (> or =25 kg.m(-2)) as a prediction of...

Visual performance improves with practice (perceptual learning). In this study, we sought to determine whether or not adult monkeys reared with early abnormal visual experience improve their stereoacuity by extensive psychophysical training and testing, and if so, whether alterations of neuronal responses in the primary visual cortex (V1) and/or visual area 2 (V2) are involved in such improveme...