Previous studies have shown that speech processing is accelerated for familiar voices in contrast to unfamiliar ones (e.g. [1]), and for familiar intonation in contrast to unfamiliar intonation [2]. The present experiments probed these effects in a single experiment and tested whether they also occur with short, implicit familiarization. Results of two auditory lexical decision tasks (Experimen...

This study examined characteristics of visual recognition of familiar and unfamiliar faces in sheep using a 2-way discrimination task. Of particular interest were effects of lateralisation and the differential use of internal (configurational) vs external features of the stimuli. Animals were trained in a Y-maze to identify target faces from pairs, both of which were familiar (same flock as the...

Factors related to young women's reported likelihood of confronting sexism were investigated. Participants were 338 U.S. female undergraduates (M = 19 years) attending a California university. They were asked to complete questionnaire measures and to write a personal narrative about an experience with sexism. Approximately half (46%) the women reported confronting the perpetrator. Individual fa...

In this paper, we study the neural underpinnings relevant to user-centered web security through the lens of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Specifically, we design and conduct a fNIRS study to pursue a thorough investigation of users’ processing of legitimate vs. illegitimate and familiar vs. unfamiliar websites. We pinpoint the neural activity in these tasks as well as the brain...

R. Henson , E. Ross , A. Rylands , P. Vuilleumier 2 & M. Rugg 3 1. University College London, England, 2. University of Geneva, Switzerland, 3. University of California at Irvine Introduction There are reasons to believe that repetition of stimuli has qualitatively different effects when repetition is immediate than when it occurs after multiple intervening stimuli. For example, behavioural pri...

In 2 studies, the sensitivity of 3- and 4-year-olds to the previous accuracy of informants was assessed. Children viewed films in which 2 informants labeled familiar objects with differential accuracy (across the 2 experiments, children were exposed to the following rates of accuracy by the more and less accurate informants, respectively: 100% vs. 0%, 100% vs. 25%, 75% vs. 0%, and 75% vs. 25%)....

We investigated whether the audiovisual speech cues available in a talker's mouth elicit greater attention when adults have to process speech in an unfamiliar language vs. a familiar language. Participants performed a speech-encoding task while watching and listening to videos of a talker in a familiar language (English) or an unfamiliar language (Spanish or Icelandic). Attention to the mouth i...