In the oxygen-rich layer of the Black Sea, above the permanent halocline, the Fe and nitrate concentrations are low where fluorescence is relatively high, indicating uptake by phytoplankton. In this study we used ligand exchange adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-aCSV), using 2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-p-cresol (TAC) as measuring ligand, to investigate the role of Fe-binding dissolved organ...

The anaerobic bacterium Desulfobacterium cetonicum oxidized p-cresol completely to CO(2) with sulfate as the electron acceptor. During growth, 4-hydroxybenzylsuccinate accumulated in the medium. This finding indicated that the methyl group of p-cresol is activated by addition to fumarate, analogous to anaerobic toluene, m-xylene, and m-cresol degradation. In cell extracts, the formation of 4-hy...

AIMS Cresols are present in antiseptics, coal tar, some resins, pesticides, and industrial solvents. Cresol intoxication leads to hepatic injury due to coagulopathy as well as disturbance of hepatic circulation in fatal cases. Patients with uremia suffer from cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hemolysis, and bleeding, which may be partly due to p-cresol toxicity ...

Indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate have been suggested to induce kidney tissue remodeling. This study aimed to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying this tissue remodeling using cultured human proximal renal tubular cells and half-nephrectomized mice treated with indoxyl sulfate or p-cresol sulfate as study models. Molecular docking results suggested that indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol su...

BACKGROUND para-Cresol, which is present in the blood mainly as p-cresyl sulphate, is a protein-bound uraemic toxin that is produced in the intestine by certain intestinal bacteria, and its production is affected by various intestinal environmental factors. Patients with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing haemodialysis (HD) often have defective bowel function leading to abnormal defecat...

The electrooxidation of aqueous solutions containing 5mM of o-, m- and p-cresol at pH 4.0 has been investigated using a flow filter-press reactor with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) under galvanostatic electrolysis. All cresols are degraded at similar rate up to attaining overall mineralization. Comparable treatment of the m-cresol effluent on PbO(2) leads to partial electrochemical incineration. ...