An oft-cited belief that, until recently, simulators used in education of health care professionals were simple models is wrong. Hundreds of years ago and, in one instance, thousands of years ago, intricate models were used to help teach anatomy and physiology and in training in obstetrics and many surgical disciplines. Simulators were used to learn skills before performing them on patients and...

We describe a set of straight-forward techniques for the precise ink rendering of lines, hatching patterns, and hatched portraits that we employed in a personal data graphics poster inspired by 18th and 19th century visualizations. We outline our approach and rendering techniques and also discuss the relationship and relevance of our techniques to illustrative visualization.

The imperial policy of Russia in the 18th and early 19th centuries led to the formation of various diasporas, with the largest being of Polish, Jewish, German and Finnish origin. They were the focus of attention of the tsarist administration while their status was regulated by a variety of laws. Specific features that distinguished social, political and economic development of the Russian Empir...

This article is aimed at examining the impact of Jesuit philosophical education, particularly Cursus Conimbricensis, on intellectual culture existing during 18th and 19th centuries in Slavic territories now part Belarus, Russia, Ukraine. We have sought to trace movement Coimbra Aristotelianism East discern most promising directions for further research. Although any direct references Course mad...

We exhibit an data graphic poster that emulates the style of historic hand-made visualizations of the 18th–19th century. Our visualization uses real data and employs style elements such as an emulation of ink lines, hatching and cross-hatching, appropriate typesetting, and unique style of computer-assisted facial drawings.

We exhibit an data graphic poster that emulates the style of historic hand-made visualizations of the 18th–19th century. Our visualization uses real data and employs style elements such as an emulation of ink lines, hatching and cross-hatching, appropriate typesetting, and unique style of computer-assisted facial drawings.

We present a scientific reflection on the creation of a large illustrative personal data graphics that we create to mimic 18th–19th century style visualizations. We discuss the relationship to illustrative visualization, the story-telling aspects of the design, the used data sources and their purpose, the creation of the overall style, and the aspects of the multi-author creation process.

This was discovered by Euler in the 18th century, forgotten, and then rediscovered in the 19th century by Hamilton in his work on quaternions. Shortly after Hamilton’s rediscovery of (1.2) Cayley discovered a similar 8-square identity. In all of these sum-of-squares identities, the terms being squared on the right side are all bilinear expressions in the x’s and y’s: each such expression, like ...