As device feature sizes shrink below 0.18 μm, shorter wavelength exposure tools are being investigated to meet the requirements for higher resolution. Understanding the optical properties of thin films and substrate materials at short wavelengths (193 nm, 157 nm, and shorter) will be necessary to develop the lithographic process. Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE) offers nondestru...

We investigated the wavelength dependence of imaging depth and clearness of structure in ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography over a wide wavelength range. We quantitatively compared the optical properties of samples using supercontinuum sources at five wavelengths, 800 nm, 1060 nm, 1300 nm, 1550 nm, and 1700 nm, with the same system architecture. For samples of industrially used h...

This is the first report of the use of a hand-held 1064 nm Raman spectrometer combined with red-shifted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags to provide an unprecedented performance in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region. A library consisting of 17 chalcogenopyrylium nanotags produce extraordinary SERS responses with femtomolar detection limits being obtained using the portable in...

Abstrucf-A new all-fiber interferometric method for chromatic dispersion measurements in meter-length single-mode fibers is presented. In a Michelson setup a reference fiber is used whose physical length is varied so as to obtain an adjustable optical delay. Time resolution, ease of manipulation, and mechanical isolation are considerably improved with respect to conventional interferometers. Re...

We describe and characterize a 25 GHz laser frequency comb based on a cavity-filtered erbium fiber mode-locked laser. The comb provides a uniform array of optical frequencies spanning 1450 nm to 1700 nm, and is stabilized by use of a global positioning system referenced atomic clock. This comb was deployed at the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly telescope at the McDonald Observatory where it was used as a ra...

This paper reports a route to suppress the grain growth in silicon carbide (SiC) during its sintering by combining it with polysilazane (PSZ). SiC was mixed PSZ 1:1 weight ratio and sintered at 1600, 1700, 1800 °C hot-pressing furnace. A satisfactory density obtained temperatures > 1600 °C. The sizes of SiC/PSZ composites 1700 were 112 125 nm, respectively. shape composite circular mainly si...

Arvoles lloran por lluvia y montañas por aire Ansí lloran mis ojos por ti querido amante Ladino folk song Abstract. Since ordered trees and Dyck paths are equinumerous, so are ordered forests and grand-Dyck paths that start with an upwards step.

We investigated the complexation of valinomycin (VM) in different solvent environments with the aid of the UVRR spectroscopy. By probing the 206.5 and 229 nm excited Raman spectra, we showed that new bands are observed around 1700 and 1290 cm(-1). We assigned the 1700 cm(-1) band to the hydrogen bonded ester carbonyl stretching vibration. In a polar solvent, VM-K(+) complexation shows significa...

Absorption of light in superconducting electronics is a major limitation on the quality circuit architectures that integrate optical components with components. A 10 nm thick film typical material like niobium can absorb over half any incident radiation. We propose instead using superconductors which are transparent to wavelengths used elsewhere system. In this paper we investigated reduced ind...