The inhibition of photosynthesis at low leaf water potentials was studied in soil-grown sunflower to determine the degree to which photosynthesis under high light was affected by stomatal and nonstomatal factors. Below leaf water potentials of -11 to -12 bars, rates of photosynthesis at high light intensities were insensitive to external concentrations of CO(2) between 200 and 400 microliters p...

salinity and drought stress are among the common environmental factors which adversely affect germination and growth of plants. this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity and drought stress on turnip seed germination and early growth in seed lab of college of agriculture, university of tehran, during 2010. the experimental design was a complete randomized block with three...

In Korea, smoke-free regulations have been gradually implemented in bars based on venue size. Smoking bans were implemented in 2013 for bars ≥150 m², in 2014 for bars ≥100 m², and in 2015 for bars of all sizes. The purpose of this study was to determine indoor fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations in bars before and after implementation of the smoke-free policies based on venue size. Indoor PM2....

This study investigated whether a stacked bar’s vertical arrangement or single-object properties underlie its accuracy for proportion judgments. We hypothesized that observers would be less accurate when stacked bars were separated than when they formed a single object, according to the object-based theory of attention (Duncan, 1984). Thirty participants judged proportions with three different ...

The utilization of unbounded external reinforcing bars is one of the strengthening methods used after loading stage and before failure. The method has been used in different forms to strengthen members of reinforced concrete structures. To investigate the effect of utilization of post-tensioned reinforcing bars in this method of strengthening, a number of reinforced concrete beams was tested. S...

While some galactic bars show recent massive star formation (SF) along them, others present a lack of it. Whether with low level SF are consequence efficiency (SFE), gas inflow rate, or dynamical effects, remains matter debate. We perform multi-wavelength analysis 12 strongly barred galaxies, chosen to host different degrees the bar major axis without any prior condition on content. observe CO(...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of smoke-free legislation on fine particulate [particulate matter <2.5 microm in diameter (PM(2.5))] air pollution levels in bars in Scotland, England, and Wales. DESIGN Air quality was measured in 106 randomly selected bars in Scotland, England, and Wales before and after the introduction of smoking restrictions. METHODS PM(2.5) concentrations were measured co...

The epidemiology of sclerotinia rot of carrot was investigated on carrot ‘Cellobunch’ during 1999 and 2000 in Ontario. Apothecia were first detected in the crop in early August to mid-September, after the carrot canopy closed and after 7–11 days with soil matric potentials between –0.1 and –0.4 bars and soil temperatures between 14 and 23 °C. Ascospores were first detected in mid-July to mid-Au...

One of the main disadvantages steel bars is rebar corrosion, especially when they are exposed to aggressive environmental conditions such as marine environments. suggested ways solve this problem use composite bars. However, these ambiguous due some weaknesses, low modulus elasticity and linear behavior in tensile tests. In research, effect hybridization process on mechanical behavior, includin...

OBJECTIVE To test whether standard information for patients using Crunchie and Aero chocolate bars to explain bone health and risk of fracture is robust. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Domestic kitchen in rural west Wales. PARTICIPANTS 10 Crunchie bars and 10 Aero bars. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Fracture after falls from varying heights. RESULTS Both Crunchie and Aero bars exhibited t...