The adenylate energy charge in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells increases when cells are cultivated in serum-limiting medium and decreases when they are incubated in glucose- or amino acid-limited media. Protein synthetic rates decrease in cells deprived of serum, glucose, or amino acids. Supplementation of deprived cells with respective nutrients restores normal protein synthetic rates and adenylat...

In the great majority of genomes, the use of positive charge increases, on average, approaching protein N-termini. Such charged residues slow ribosomes by interacting with the negatively charged exit tunnel. This has been proposed to be selectively advantageous as it provides an elongation speed ramp at translational starts. Positive charges, however, are known to orientate proteins in membrane...

Conserved lysines and arginines within amino acids 140-150 of apolipoprotein (apo) E are crucial for the interaction between apoE and the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). To explore the roles of amphipathic alpha-helix and basic residue organization in the binding process, we performed site-directed mutagenesis on the 22-kDa fragment of apoE (amino acids 1-191). Exchange of lysine and a...

A striking correlation between neural expression and high net negative charge in some teleost isozymes led to the interesting, yet untested, suggestion that negative charge represents an adaptation (via natural selection) to the neural environment. We examine the evolution of the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene family in fishes for periods of positive selection. Teleost fish express two TP...

HIV-1 infection is characterized by an ongoing replication leading to T-lymphocyte decline which is paralleled by the switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor usage. To predict coreceptor usage, several computer algorithms using gp120 V3 loop sequence data have been developed. In these algorithms an occupation of the V3 positions 11 and 25, by one of the amino acids lysine (K) or arginine (R), is a...

The N-terminal six-transmembrane domain (TM) bundle of lactose permease of Escherichia coli is uniformly inverted when assembled in membranes lacking phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Inversion is dependent on the net charge of cytoplasmically exposed protein domains containing positive and negative residues, net charge of the membrane surface, and low hydrophobicity of TM VII acting as a molecula...

The charged amino acids in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 exhibit some specific distribution. In RBD region S1 unit positive charge dominates interior and negative prevails on surface exposed towards ACE2 receptor. S2 preceding heptad repeats SARS-CoV-2, a central concentration, imbalance charge. idea that both distributions may, an electrostatic manner, facilitate coronavirus infec...

UNLABELLED The methicillin resistance factor encoded by fmtA is a core member of the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall stimulon, but its function has remained elusive for the past two decades. First identified as a factor that affects methicillin resistance in S. aureus strains, FmtA was later shown to interact with teichoic acids and to localize to the cell division septum. We have made a breakt...