Autoimmunity precedes clinical type 1 diabetes, and indicators of maturing autoimmune responses may be useful markers for disease prediction. To study this, epitope maturation of autoantibodies to the related protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-like autoantigens IA-2 and IA-2beta was examined in sequential samples from birth in a cohort of 21 offspring developing multiple islet autoantibodies an...

Objectives: The internet is known as an essential part of individuals’ daily life. The present descriptive research aimed to determine the prevalence rate of Internet Addiction (IA) and its related factors in Iran. Methods: In total, 1046 internet users were recruited by a convenience sampling approach. The required data were collected by an online questionnaire, including a sociodemographic d...

Although the internet has become one of the most important information resources for university students, excessive internet use can be defined as uncontrolled and harmful use of the internet, in other words, Internet Addiction. Internet addiction (IA) can be described as a maladaptive preoccupation with internet use impairing social, occupational and other areas of a person’s functioning. Rece...

OBJECTIVE We investigated whether measuring autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) and IA-2β (IA-2βA) may improve classification of new-onset type 1 diabetic patients based on detection of autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), GAD (GADA), and IA-2 (IA-2A). In addition, we studied the correlation of IA-2βA and ZnT8A with other biological and demographic variables. RESEARCH DESIGN AN...

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) occur in both old, passive galaxies and active, star-forming galaxies. This fact, coupled with the strong dependence of SN Ia rate on star formation rate, suggests that SNe Ia form from stars with a wide range of ages. Here we show that the rate of SN Ia explosions is about 1% of the stellar death rate, independent of star formation history. The dependence of SN Ia r...

although the internet has become one of the most important information resources for university students, excessive internet use can be defined as uncontrolled and harmful use of the internet, in other words, internet addiction. internet addiction (ia) can be described as a maladaptive preoccupation with internet use impairing social, occupational and other areas of a person’s functioning. rece...

The related tyrosine phosphatase-like proteins islet Ag (IA)-2 and IA-2beta are autoantigens of type 1 diabetes in humans. Autoantibodies are predominantly against IA-2, and IA-2-specific epitopes are major autoantibody targets. We used the close homology of IA-2 and IA-2beta to design chimeras and mutants to identify humoral IA-2-specific epitopes. Two major IA-2 epitopes that are absent from ...

Objective(s) Using a cancer murine model of invasive aspergillosis (IA), we investigated the expression of TLR-2, Dectin-1 and the level of cytokine production by CD4+ T helper cells in different groups of mice (with or without cancer), also, the effect of invasive aspergillosis on the immune response pattern of cancer mice. Materials and Methods Patterns of susceptibility and resistance to ...

The ?-axons supplying muscle spindle (MS) induce a particular pattern of activity in spindle Ia and II afferents on contraction. From a dynamic viewpoint, the Ia shows increasing spike rates, but II-afferents do not show any activity. For evaluation of nerve fiber activity, spike amplitude (SA) is suggested to measure it as well as its benefit of diagnosing clinical symptoms. This paper aims to...