Establishing the measurement equivalence of instruments is a prerequisite to making meaningful comparisons between individuals or within individuals over time. Whereas previous research has investigated the effects of rater characteristics on the measurement equivalence of performance ratings, the current study investigated a ratee characteristic – ratee job experience. Using confirmatory facto...

BACKGROUND Nematode vulva formation provides a paradigm to study the evolution of pattern formation and cell-fate specification. The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva is generated from three of six equipotent cells that form the so-called vulva equivalence group. During evolution, the size of the vulva equivalence group has changed: Panagrellus redivivus has eight, C. elegans six, and Pristionchus p...

We construct a 2-equivalence $\mathfrak{CohTheory}^\text{op} \simeq \mathfrak{TypeSpaceFunc}$. Here $\mathfrak{CohTheory}$ is the 2-category of positive theories and $\mathfrak{TypeSpaceFunc}$ type space functors. give precise definition interpretations for logic, which will be 1-cells in $\mathfrak{CohTheory}$. The 2-cells are definable homomorphisms. restricts to duality categories, making ph...

technical terminology has a significant role in translation of technical or scientific texts. unfortunately, most of research in this area has not perceived the urgent need for a model to analyze or shown how translate technical or scientific terminology. in this paper, the researcher attempts to designs a workable model for translation of technical or scientific terminology. the major aim of t...

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of cat$^{bf {1}}-$groupoids which are the groupoid version of cat$^{bf {1}}-$groups and to prove the categorical equivalence between crossed modules over groupoids and cat$^{bf {1}}-$groupoids. In section 4 we introduce the notions of crossed squares over groupoids and of cat$^{bf {2}}-$groupoids, and then we show their categories are equivalent....

Interleukin (IL)-10, a multifunctional immune-regulatory cytokine with both immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic functions, is produced by immune cells including macrophages, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. Among other effects, IL-10 promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis via immunosuppression. Interleukin-10-mediated immunosuppression is aided by synthesis of tumor necrosis...

introduction: the preparation of seasonal influenza virus vaccines and especially its large-scale production requirement after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic will need an alternative host cell system due to current suboptimal methods and the insufficiency of embryonated chicken eggs needed for producing them. in response to the vital and increasing demand for alternative means for in...

Abstract When are two germs of analytic systems conjugate or orbitally equivalent under an change coordinates in a neighborhood singular point? The present paper, survey nature, presents research program around this question. A way to answer is use normal forms. However, there large classes dynamical for which the form diverges. In we discuss case singularities normalizing transformation k -sum...