background: meiotic genes are very important candidates for genes contributing to female and male infertility. mammalian mutl homologues have dual roles in dna mismatch repair (mmr) after replication errors and meiotic reciprocal recombination. the mutl homologs, mlh1 and mlh3 , are crucial for meiotic reciprocal recombination and human fertility. in this study the functional polymorphisms of m...

BACKGROUND/AIMS This study investigated the gene expression and DNA methylation of selected DNA repair genes (MBD4, TDG, MLH1, MLH3) and DNMT1 in human bladder cancer in the context of pathophysiological and prognostic significance. METHODS To determine the relationship between the gene expression pattern, global methylation and promoter methylation status, we performed real-time PCR to quant...

............................................................................................................ 9 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE...................................................................... 10 1. Cancer genetics and epigenetics.................................................................... 10 1.1 Tumour suppressor genes..........................................................

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the MSH4-MSH5, MLH1-MLH3, and MUS81-MMS4 complexes act to promote crossing over during meiosis. MSH4-MSH5, but not MUS81-MMS4, promotes crossovers that display interference. A role for MLH1-MLH3 in crossover control is less clear partly because mlh1Delta mutants retain crossover interference yet display a decrease in crossing over that is only slightly less severe th...

Homologous recombination (HR) enables precise DNA repair after DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) using identical sequence templates, whereas homeologous recombination (HeR) uses only partially homologous sequences. Homeologous recombination introduces mutations through gene conversion and genomic deletions through single-strand annealing (SSA). DNA mismatch repair (MMR) inhibits HeR, but the role...

The yeast genome encodes four proteins (Pms1 and Mlh1-3) homologous to the bacterial mismatch repair component, MutL. Using two hybrid-interaction and coimmunoprecipitation studies, we show that these proteins can form only three types of complexes in vivo. Mlh1 is the common component of all three complexes, interacting with Pms1, Mlh2, and Mlh3, presumptively as heterodimers. The phenotypes o...

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) family functions in a variety of contexts to preserve genome integrity in most eukaryotes. In particular, members of the MMR family are involved in the process of meiotic recombination in germ cells. MMR gene mutations in mice result in meiotic disruption during prophase I, but the extent of this disruption often differs between male and female meiocytes. To addres...

H complexes of MutSand MutL-related proteins were identified from studies of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and have been implicated in processing of recombination intermediates. In a recent issue of PNAS, Wang et al. (1) have reported several observations about the function of MutL-related genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in MMR and recombination in meiosis. First, they have observed tha...