Attachment invasion locus (Ail) protein of Yersinia pestis is a crucial outer membrane protein for host invasion and determines bacterial survival within the host. Despite its importance in pathogenicity, surprisingly little is known on Ail biophysical properties. We investigate the contribution of micelle concentrations and interface tryptophans on the Ail β-barrel refolding and unfolding proc...

The high-affinity receptor for interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a complex of the IL-3–binding subunit (aIL-3) and a larger b chain—bc, or, in the mouse, bc or its close relative bIL-3. There is evidence that the critical event that initiates signaling is not the approximation of the cytoplasmic domains of aIL-3 and bIL-3, but is, rather, the formation of a b-b homodimer. Many of these studies involved t...

AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE (AIL) transcription factors are key regulators of cell proliferation and meristem identity. Although AIL functions have been well described, the direct signalling components of this pathway are largely unknown.We show that BABYBOOM (BBM) and other AIL proteins physically interact with multiple members of the L1-expressed HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS (HDG) transcription factor family, ...

Arterial interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)-like cells (AIL cells) with a multipolar, irregular, elongated shape and with numerous thin (often less than 1 microm), sometimes branching, processes with lengths up to approximately 60 microm were isolated enzymatically from 1st to 7th order branches of guinea-pig mesenteric artery. Some of the processes of AIL cells were growing (average speed appro...

AIL − an acronym for Amoeba Interface Language − is a classoriented RPC stub generator, used with Amoeba’s RPC primitives. Together with Amoeba’s facilities for manipulating capabilities (bit patterns that are unforgeable references to objects maintained by servers anywhere on a network), AIL provides a completely object-oriented view of a distributed operating system. Input to AIL consists of ...

We describe the design of an intermediate language (AIL) for BDIstyle programming languages. AIL is not intended as yet another programming language, but is meant to provide a common semantic basis for a number of BDI programming languages in order to support both formal verification and the transfer of concepts and developments. We examine some of the key features of AIL, unifying a wide varie...

Background 2022 EULAR recommendation announced that biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are considered in the phase Ⅱtreatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On other hand, serum factor (RF) anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) titer reported to affect bDMARDs JAKi efficacy. However, we still lack reliable evidence impact RF ...