MANET is wireless mobile ad hoc network, having different routing protocol reactive, proactive and hybrid protocol. Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is among one of them, it is hybrid protocol i.e. combination of reactive and proactive routing protocol to maintain valid routing without too much overhead. It use pro-active protocol within a node's local zone and use reactive protocol out of node‟s zo...

1. Introduction The zero-range process (ZRP) [1] is a simple lattice-based model for driven diffusive systems. For certain choices of parameters, the model exhibits a condensation transition (analogous to Bose-Einstein condensation) where a macroscopic proportion of particles accumulate on a single site [2]. Condensation is well-known in colloidal and granular systems [3] and also occurs in a v...

Explicit expressions for arrival times of particles moving in a one-dimensional zero-range process (ZRP) are computed. Particles are fed into the ZRP from an injection site and can evaporate from any site of the one-dimensional lattice. Two dynamics are considered: bulk dynamics, where particle hopping and decay are proportional to the number of particles at each site, and surface dynamics, whe...

Mixed-surface octyl/methoxyundecyl a-zirconium phosphonates (ZrPs) were investigated as distributed nanoscale fillers, in concentrations up to 50% w/w, for the purpose of increasing the elastic modulus and yield strength of polycaprolactone (PCL) without a meaningful reduction of its ductility. The volumetric nanoparticle loadings were estimated to be over 70% higher than those in nanocomposite...

In this paper, we have compared important characteristics of MANET proactive routing protocol (DSDV), reactive protocols (AODV, DSR and TORA) and hybrid protocol (ZRP). Extensive simulations are being carried out with different load conditions of MANETs. The offered network loads in the performance plots are characterized by three parameters i.e. packet size, number of connections i.e. source d...

A novel method for the preparation of α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoparticles as an eco-friendly and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the organic matrix which produced a better dispersion of ZrP nanoparticles. The catalyst was characterized by several physico-chemical techniques such as ICP-OES, XRD, TPD-NH3, pyridine-FTIR, BET, FTIR, TGA, S...

Routing is the main part of wireless adhoc network conventionally there are two approaches first one is Proactive and another one is Reactive. Both these approaches have some substantial disadvantage and to overcome hybrid routing protocols designed. ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol) is one of the hybrid routing protocols, it takes advantage of proactive approach by providing reliability within the s...

Routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks have to face the challenge of frequently changing topology, low transmission power and asymmetric links. Both proactive and reactive routing protocols prove to be inefficient under these circumstances. The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) combines the advantages of the proactive and reactive approaches by maintaining an up-to-date topological map of a zon...

In MANET, Ad-hoc routing protocols can be classified into three groups Pro-active, Reactive and Hybrid routing protocol. ZRP is one of the famous Hybrid routing protocols. To enhance the ZRP in this paper, we propose AZRP (Advanced Zone Routing Protocol). AZRP is combination of two routing protocol such as SBZRP and AOZDV. Using both the protocol as well as power-Aware, we can enhance both Intr...

Surface functionalisation with organic modifiers of multi-layered zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoparticles used as polymer fillers can be directly probed by dynamic nuclear polarisation NMR, which provides unambiguous evidence of the presence of P-O-C chemical bonds at the surface of the ZrP layers, thereby confirming successful functionalisation.