background: mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are ideal cells for cell and gene therapy. however, the low survival of mscs after transplantation has limited their applications. we aimed to evaluate the expression of cytoprotective genes including nqo1, txnrd1, ho-1, gclc following the over expression of nrf2 in umbilical cord-derived mscs (uc-mscs). methods: 3-5 passages of uc-mscs were cultured. r...

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) which is characterized by wide local infiltration, perineural spread, a propensity to local recurrence and late distant metastasis. Our recent studies have disclosed that TGF-β is a crucial factor for EMT in metastatic SACC. In this study, we further uncover...

BACKGROUND Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) also known as thioredoxin binding protein 2 or vitamin D3-upregulated protein 1 are key players in oxidative stress control. Thioredoxin (TRX) is one of the major components of the thiol reducing system and plays multiple roles in cellular processes. Computational analyses of TXNRD1, TXNIP and TRX expression...

The human selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), encoded by the TXNRD1 gene, is a key player in redox regulation. Alternative splicing generates several TrxR1 variants, one of which is v3 that carries an atypical N-terminal glutaredoxin domain. When overexpressed, v3 associates with membranes and triggers formation of filopodia. Here we found that membrane targeting of v3 is mediated by...

In a survey of enzymes related to protein oxidation and cellular redox state, we found activity of the redox enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) to be elevated in cells from long-lived species of rodents, primates, and birds. Elevated TXNRD activity in long-lived species reflected increases in the mitochondrial form, TXNRD2, rather than the cytosolic forms TXNRD1 and TXNRD3. Analysis of publis...

Age-related hearing loss - presbycusis - is the number one neurodegenerative disorder and top communication deficit of our aged population. Like many aging disorders of the nervous system, damage from free radicals linked to production of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) may play key roles in disease progression. The efficacy of the antioxidant systems, e.g., ...

BACKGROUND Associations between selenium and cancer have directed attention to role of selenoproteins in the carcinogenic process. METHODS We used data from two population-based case-control studies of colon (n = 1555 cases, 1956 controls) and rectal (n = 754 cases, 959 controls) cancer. We evaluated the association between genetic variation in TXNRD1, TXNRD2, TXNRD3, C11orf31 (SelH), SelW, S...

BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest an inverse association between selenium and risk of prostate cancer. However, randomized controlled trials of selenium supplementation have reported conflicting results. Thus, we examined plasma selenium and selenium-related genes in relation to risk of high-grade prostate cancer and prostate cancer recurrence among men initially diagnosed with non-metas...