It has long been understood that the immune system has intrinsic anti-tumour activity in humans, and that a key mechanism of tumour progression is the ability of a tumour to escape this immune surveillance. A number of attempts have been made to harness this anti-tumour immunity in both solid tumour oncology and haematological malignancies with variable success. Examples include the use of allo...

T cell activation depends on the specific recognition by their T cell receptors (TR) of antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). Optimal T cell responses occur when T cells not only receive antigen-specific signals through the TR but also non-antigen-specific costimulatory activatory or inhibitory signals through costimulatory receptors. The activatory CD28/B7-1 (or ...

BACKGROUND Chagas disease affects approximately 10 million people mainly in Latin America. The immune regulation by the host seems to be an essential factor for disease evolution, and immune system inhibitory molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 favor the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Considering that polymorphisms at the immunoregulatory CTLA-4 and PDCD1 genes may alter their inhibitory fu...

Pemphigus foliaceus, also known as fogo selvagem, is an autoimmune disease of the epidermis characterized by superficial blisters and antibodies against desmoglein 1. It is a multifactorial disease and genetic susceptibility is oligogenic or polygenic. Considering the crucial function of the programmed cell death 1 molecule (PD-1) in the immune response, the aim of this study was to verify if v...

INTRODUCTION The genetic variations of co-stimulatory molecules can affect the extent of T cell activity during T-cell mediated immunity, especially in transplant patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDCD1LG1) gene polymorphisms with clinical outcome of kidney transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A...

BACKGROUND Several studies investigated the relationship between programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, but the results were controversial. To explore whether PDCD1 gene polymorphisms have an effect on RA risk, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the relationships between PDCD1 polymorphisms (rs36084323 [PD-1.1 G/A], rs11568821 [PD-1.3 ...

زمینه و هدف: فعالیت‌های ورزشی چاقی، رگ‌زایی در بافت چربی را تغییر می‌دهند نتیجه تغییرات زیادی فرایندهای متابولیکی ایجاد می‌کنند. هدف از این پژوهش مقایسة تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین مقاومتی تناوبی هوازی با شدت بالا بر بیان miRNAهای مرتبط ضدرگ‌زایی موش‌های صحرایی تغذیه‌شده رژیم غذایی پرچرب بود.مواد روش‌ها: بنیادی تجربی حاضر، 60 سر موش نر ویستار شش‌هفته‌ای ( g35/11 ± 40/192 = میانگین وزن بدن) انستیتو پاس...