Francisella spp. are highly infectious and virulent bacteria that cause the zoonotic disease tularemia. Knowledge is lacking for the virulence factors expressed by Francisella and how these factors are secreted and delivered to host cells. Gram-negative bacteria constitutively release outer membrane vesicles (OMV), which may function in the delivery of virulence factors to host cells. We identi...

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), secreted from Gram-negative bacteria, are spherical nanometer-sized proteolipids enriched with outer membrane proteins. OMVs, also known as extracellular vesicles, have gained interests for use as nonliving complex vaccines and have been examined for immune-stimulating effects. However, the detailed mechanism on how OMVs elicit the vaccination effect has not been...

Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that package and deliver proteins, small molecules, and DNA to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The molecular details of OMV biogenesis have not been fully elucidated, but peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane proteins that tether the outer membrane to the underlying peptidoglycan have been shown to be critical for OMV formation i...

Vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were developed more than 20 years ago against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. These nano-sized structures exhibit remarkable potential for immunomodulation of immune responses and delivery of meningococcal antigens or unrelated antigens incorporated into the vesicle structure. This paper reviews different applications in OMV Research and Devel...

The Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) is an important quorum-sensing molecule in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that also mediates its own packaging and transport by stimulating outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. Because OMVs have been implicated in many virulence-associated behaviors, it is critical that we understand how they are formed. Our group proposed the bilayer-couple model for OMV bioge...

The outer membrane vesicle (OMV) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis plays an essential role in causing inflammation which, in turn, plays an important part in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and thromboembolism. However, the contribution of oral bacteria to vascular calcification is yet to be determined. Here, we evaluated the effect of OMV on vascular smo...

Nanopods are extracellular structures arising from the convergence of two widely distributed bacterial characteristics: production of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) and formation of surface layers (S-layers). Nanopod production is driven by OMV formation, and in Delftia acidovorans Cs1-4 growth on phenanthrene induces OMV/nanopod formation. While OMV production has been associated with many func...

(-)-O-Methylvesamicol ((-)-OMV) exhibited in vitro a high affinity for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) (Ki, 6.7 nM) and a relatively low affinity for sigmal receptor (Ki, 33.7 nM). We prepared (-)-[11C]OMV by a palladium-promoted cross-coupling reaction using [11C]methyl iodide, in a radiochemical yield of 38 +/- 6.9% (n=3), a radiochemical purity of 98 +/- 2.3% (n = 5), and a speci...

We have isolated and purified outer membrane vesicles (OMV) from Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 based on methods developed for isolation of Treponema pallidum OMV. Purified OMV exhibited distinct porin activities with conductances of 0.6 and 12.6 nano-Siemen and had no detectable beta-NADH oxidase activity indicating their outer membrane origin and their lack of inner membrane contamination, r...

Rapid detection and quantification of outer membrane vesicle (OMV) are both scientific value clinical implications. However, limited tools available for investigations OMVs. Herein, we report a novel fluorescent probe with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, namely, OEO-TPE-MEM (OTM), OMV detection. OTM emits faintly in an aqueous medium, but its fluorescence could be effectivel...