The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aortic clamping on arterial waves during peripheral vascular surgery. We measured pressure and velocity simultaneously in the ascending aorta, in ten patients (70+/-5 years) with aortic-iliac disease intra-operatively. Pressure was measured using a catheter tip manometer, and velocity was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Data were col...

Recently, the American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (ACOG) recommended a 30–60 second delay in umbilical cord clamping for all preterm deliveries [1]. Delayed cord clamping in preterm infants has been associated with a greater than 50% reduction in intraventricular hemorrhage and less need for blood transfusions as demonstrated in a recent Cochrane meta-analysis of 10 randomized con...

The timing of the umbilical cord clamping at birth is still controversial. In the modern era of medicine, the cord has been clamped early to facilitate resuscitation and stabilization of infants. However, recently delayed cord clamping has been supported by physicians because it allows for the physiological transfer of blood from the placenta to the infant. Many clinical studies have revealed t...

We analyze a class of mechanisms that locomote by switching between constraints. Because of the hybrid nature of such systems, most of the existing analysis tools, developed primarily for smooth systems, can not be directly applied. Our aim is to exploit the special structure provided by Lagrangian mechanics to study the controllability of this class of mechanisms. We base the analysis on a ser...

This paper shows ongoing research results on the development of automatic control modes for robotized laparoscopic surgery. We show how both force feedback and visual feedback can be used in an hybrid control scheme to autonomously perform basic surgical subtasks. Preliminary experimental results on an example clamping tasks are given.

BACKGROUND Policies for timing of cord clamping vary, with early cord clamping generally carried out in the first 60 seconds after birth, whereas later cord clamping usually involves clamping the umbilical cord more than one minute after the birth or when cord pulsation has ceased. The benefits and potential harms of each policy are debated. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of early cord c...

The optimal time for umbilical cord clamping after birth remains a critical unknown fact that has implications for the infant, the mother, and science. A national survey was conducted using a randomized sample (n = 303) of the active membership of the ACNM to determine cord clamping practices and beliefs of American nurse-midwives. The response rate was 56%. The respondents fell into three cord...

BACKGROUND Recent experimental physiology data and a large, population-based observational study have changed umbilical cord clamping from a strictly time-based construct to a more complex equilibrium involving circulatory changes and the onset of respirations in the newly born infant. However, available evidence is not yet sufficient to optimize the management of umbilical cord clamping. FIN...

This study was conducted to evaluate the haematological effects of the timing of umbilical cord clamping in term infants 24 h after birth in Libya. Mother-infant pairs were randomly assigned to early cord clamping (within 10s after delivery) or delayed clamping (after the cord stopped pulsating). Maternal haematological status was assessed on admission in the delivery room. Infant haematologica...

Over the past 40 years, there have been a number of review articles attempting to rationalise cord clamping practice. Early cord clamping was originally thought to be important in active management of the third stage of labour, but this was never evidence based. Without an evidence base to justify it, early cord clamping in clinical practice has remained very variable. There is good evidence th...