The Structured Language Model (SLM) recently introduced by Chelba and Jelinek is a powerful general formalism for exploiting syntactic dependencies in a left-to-right language model for applications such as speech and handwriting recognition, spelling correction, machine translation, etc. Unlike traditional N-gram models, optimal smoothing techniques – discounting methods and hierarchical struc...

Magnesium-based materials are used primarily in developing lightweight structures owing to their lower density. Further, being biocompatible they offer potential for use as bioresorbable materials for degradable bone replacement implants. The design and manufacture of complex shaped components made of magnesium with good quality are in high demand in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical ar...

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is useful for the fabrication of porous titanium implants with complex shapes and structures. The materials fabricated by SLM characteristically have a very rough surface (average surface roughness, Ra=24.58 µm). In this study, we evaluated morphologically and biochemically the specific effects of this very rough surface and the additional effects of a b...

Multicarrier systems suffer from the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) of their transmit signal. In order to overcome this issue, peak-power reduction schemes have been developed. One of the most popular technique is selected mapping (SLM). Recently, a variant of SLM for single-antenna systems was proposed. This scheme considers temporally consecutive OFDM frames to achieve a further gain ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Synchronous liver metastasis (SLM) remains a significant problem in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC). The system of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Met plays an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis and is being developed to be targeted drugs. We aimed to investigate the role of HGF/Met in SLM based on a case-matched study and comparison between primary ...

The structured language model (SLM) of [1] was one of the first to successfully integrate syntactic structure into language models. We extend the SLM framework in two new directions. First, we propose a new syntactic hierarchical interpolation that improves over previous approaches. Second, we develop a general information-theoretic algorithm for pruning the underlying Jelinek-Mercer interpolat...

A fiber Bragg grating- (FBG-) based fiber-ring laser that utilizes the transmitted light of the FBG as self-injection feedback for single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) oscillation is proposed and demonstrated. This laser is simply constructed by means of feeding back the transmitted light of the FBG and is coupled into the main ring cavity through an optical coupler. The self-injection feedback is th...

This article presents the mechanical properties and microstructure of titanium alloy after selective laser melting (SLM). Titanium alloys are ideal material for selective laser melting (SLM), because they are expensive and difficult to machinery using traditional technologies. The application of SLM in the biomedical area has been slow due to the stringent performance criteria and concerns rela...

PURPOSE The main objective of the study was to formulate and characterize testosterone (TS) solid lipid microparticles (SLM) to be applied as a transdermal delivery system. METHODS Testosterone SLMs were formulated using an emulsion melt homogenization method. Various types and concentrations of fatty materials, namely glyceryl monostearate (GM), glyceryl distearate (GD), stearic acid (SA) an...

April 17, 2009 Version 1.0.1 Date 2006-01-17 Maintainer Deli Wang Author Deli Wang, Jian Huang Depends splines Title Systematic approaches using TW-SLM for incorporating control spots and data quality information to improve normalization of cDNA microarray data. Description TwslmSpikeWeight is for normalization of cDNA microarray data with the two-way semilinear model(TW...